Intranuclear inclusion bodies

Histopathological changes were noted in the kidneys of rats administered lead acetate in the drinking water for 76 weeks at lower doses (Roller et al. 1985). These changes, which were observed at a dose of 37 mg/kg/day, a dose much lower than that used by Vyskocil et al. (1989), included necrotic and dilated cortical tubules, tubular protein casts, areas with large nuclei and fibrous connective tissue, and large intranuclear inclusion bodies in the enlarged epithelial cells of the cortex near the cortical-medullary junction. 

Vicente-Ortega V, Martinez-Garcia AF, Cremades-Campos A, et al. 1996. Utrastructural investigation of lead-induced intranuclear inclusion bodies in mice. Ultrastructural Pathol 20 263-273. 

Adult males, age 16 weeks, fed pelleted commercial duck diet for 10 weeks diet formulated to contain 24% lead-contaminated sediment (3400 mg Pb/kg DW sediment = 816 mg Pb/kg DW total diet) 1 of 10 died vs. none in controls survivors had atrophied breast muscles, green staining of feathers around the vent, viscous bile green staining of the gizzard lining, and renal intranuclear inclusion bodies. Blood had 6.1 mg Pb/kg FW, liver had 2.8 mg Pb/kg FW, and feces had 1660 mg Pb/kg DW 61... 

Some deaths. Intranuclear inclusion bodies in cells of kidney proximal convoluted tubules... 

Locke, L.N., G.E. Bagley, and H.D. Irby. 1966. Acid-fast intranuclear inclusion bodies in the kidneys of mallards fed lead shot. Bull. Wildl. Dis. Assoc. 2 127-131. 

Chickenpox in infancy and shingles in adults are caused by the same varicella-zoster virus. Very rarely and almost exclusively in immunosuppressed patients, concomitant hepatitis can occur with pronounced (mainly focal) hepatocellular necrosis, sometimes even with a fatal course. (37) Leucocytic portal and periportal infiltration can spread to the blood vessels and bile capillaries. Intranuclear inclusion bodies are present (s. fig. 23.2). Diagnosis is based on increased GPT, GOT, GDH and y-GT values as well as the presence of varicella IgM antibodies alternatively, pathogens can also be demonstrated in cultures. In children, a differential diagnosis of Reye s syndrome must be considered. As therapy in a severe course, aciclovir is indicated. (38-43)... 

A striking feature of the cellular effects of bismuth compounds in animals (and one shared only by lead) is the production of intranuclear inclusion bodies of up to 5 ixm in diameter (87), for example, in the tubular epithelial cells of the kidney. Electron probe microanalysis shows that these contain both Bi and S, and so could be a complex with a Cys-rich protein such as metallothionein. Bismuth is known to be a potent inducer of renal metallothionein synthesis, and pretreatment of animals with bismuth salts can prevent some of the toxic side effects induced by cisplatin (88). The role of metallothionein in the pharmacology of bismuth remains to be established, but the strong involvement of zinc, also an inducer of metallothionein synthesis, in the metabolism of skin cells, for example, may be related. Like several other elements of Group V, the development of the biological chemistiy of Bi is hampered by the lack of good physical properties, in particular of a well-behaved NMR isotope. 

Goyer RA, Leonard DL, Moore JF, Rhyne B, Kingman MR. Lead dosage and the role of the intranuclear inclusion body an experimental study. Arch Environ Health 1970 20 705-711. 

SMAM-1 Avian (Ajinkya, 1985) Liver— size, congested, fatty, infiltrated with intranuclear inclusion bodies Kidney— size [ Size of bursae, thymus, spleen (Dhurandhar et al., 1990, 1992) Impaired liver function (Dhurandhar et al., 1992) Impaired lipogenesis (Dhurandhar eta/., 1992) Glucagons deficiency (Dhurandhar et al., 1992)... 

Blackman, S. S. (1936). Intranuclear inclusion bodies in the kidney and liver caused by lead poisoning. Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp., 61, 1... 

SubceUular distribution of Pb in human soft tissues appears to mainly involve the mitochondria and nuclei, two organelles known to either be affected toxicologically by lead or be involved in Pb sequestration and toxicokinetics. Intranuclear inclusion bodies, for example, have long been known to form as a transitory protective mechanism for averting or delaying lead toxicity. Lead in relatively large amounts is sequestered in nuclear inclusions and the biochemical and structural characteristics of these bodies have been described (Carroll et al., 1970 Moore et al., 1973). Cramer et al. (1974) showed the formation of intranuclear inclusions as an early response to Pb in kidney proximal tubule cells in new lead workers. 

Variably aged subjects High exposures of variable duration Early proximal tubular injury Formation of tubular cell intranuclear inclusion bodies, mitochondrial changes, tubular cytomegaly Blackman (1936), Cramer etal. (1974)... 

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