Keyword ASPECT

The first chapter presents the general aspects of the reaction Chapters 2-6 illustrate the various methods and their applications in organic synthesis. At the end of each chapter a list of graphically abstracted Diels-Alder reactions is presented to show selected synthetic applications of the specific methodology. The discussion of the various topics is not exhaustive because our aim has been to emphasize the synthetic potential of each method. Chapter 7 reports a list of books, reviews, monographs and symposia proceedings which have appeared since 1990 and an index of keywords to help the reader find a particular paper of interest. 

Conventional colloid chemistry and elaitrochemistry have always been clo ly related with each other, the keywords electrophoresis, double layer theory, and specific adsorption describing typical asp ts of this relationship. In more ro nt times, new aspects have arisen which again bring colloid chemistry into contact with modem developments in electrcolloidal particles as catalysts for electron transfer reactions and as photocatalysts. In fact, the similarity between the reactions that occur on colloidal particles and on compact electrodes has often been emphasized by calling the small particles microelectrodes . 

It is necessary to elaborate on yet another essential aspect of biological membranes, i.e. their complexity . This keyword points to the large number of different molecules that are usually found in the biological membrane. First of all, there is a large variety of lipid molecules. The lipid composition of the biological membranes varies from one species to another, and is adapted to meet the needs of organs, cells, organelles, etc. The variations in the head-tail... 

While in volumes 180 and 181 of this series several basic aspects of morphology, inter-phase structure and disorder were addressed, in the present volume, molecular interactions, modeling, phase transformation and crystallization kinetics are considered (see the subject index including keywords from volumes 180 and 181 at the end of the book). Needless to say, in spite of substantial success over 60 years or more we are still far from having a complete and unambiguous picture of polymer crystallization. We firmly believe that a fruitful approach to such a complex problem requires one to give way to many different and sometimes conflicting viewpoints, as we have attempted to do in these volumes. We do hope that they are not only a time-capsule left for... 

Keywords nanocomposites, dispersion, aspect ratio, in-situ, melt, morphology, tensile properties, glass transition temperature, degradation, functionalization, electrical conductivity, resistivity. 

Widely used treatises and monographs on the theory and the applications of MRR-spectroscopy are available [8-//], also comprehensive reviews on all aspects of obtaining molecular structure from MRR-spectra [6,12,13], including rovib interactions [14] and the reliability of the results [15-17], Molecular structural and other data obtained from MRR spectroscopy have been compiled over the past decades [18,19], The most recent compilation is MOGADOC (short for Molecular Gas Phase Documentation ), a computerized database and retrieval system that is updated periodically and today contains more than 20,000 references, which were critically selected and evaluated by means of keywords. Included is work done by MRR-spectroscopy, electron diffraction of gases, and molecular radio astronomy the documentation refers to more than 6000 compounds. As an additional feature, MOGADOC contains explicit numerical data on the structure of approximately 2000 compounds. A detailed description can be found in ref. [20],... 

Approximately 400 references published in July 2000 to June 2001 are included in the current report. The report covers mainly papers that include solid-state NMR and related terms in either the title or in the keywords section. The report is divided into two main parts. The first part is of general interest and includes reviews, theoretical and experimental aspects (Sections 2-4). The second part (Section 5) includes various applications of NMR for structural and dynamic studies of sohd materials and is subdivided further by material type (Subsections 5.1-5.11). As this report is primarily intended for those specialising in the area of solid-state NMR we have organised references by nucleus type (from to Pb) for easier browsing within each Subsection 5.1-5.11. 

International Classification of Standards (ICS) codes are used by most standards-issuing bodies. The classes relevant to medical devices are somewhat broad—for example, ICS field 11.040 is medical equipment and 11.140 is hospital equipment, while fields 25 and 29 cover various aspects of manufacturing engineering and electrical engineering, respectively. Nonetheless, use of these codes generally retrieves the most relevant search results. It is often effective to combine a broad code with a keyword search. The ICS codes are fisted in the standards databases as well as on the ISO Web site. 

Keywords Environmental aspect, Initiator, Plastic manufacture, Polymerization, X-linking - curing... 

Note The term crystolysis reaction was proposed for use in describing the thermal decomposition of a solid reactant (31,72). This specific label is of value as a keyword and index entry, while also confirming that the reaction of interest proceeded in the crystalline state. This important aspect of behavior is not always explicitly stated in reports of many thermal investigations, where the phase in which the change occurs is not positively identified. 

Thus, looking to the NMR keyword in Food Sciences and Technology Abstracts, on CD-ROM, until June 1996, we could find only one book exclusively dedicated to the NMR field [14]. The same search revealed several books speciahzed in a particular food stuff or covering general analytical techniques, having a chapter in NMR. The present chapter is by no means trying to cover this gap, but only to draw attention to various aspects of NMR in food sciences, literature data being one of these aspects. 

A database search yields more than 20 000 references that contain Z-E isomerization, cis-trans isomerization, or geometric isomerization as keywords, and the general tendency is an increase in the number of papers devoted to the kinetic aspects of cis-trans isomerization (CTI) in all fields. The main isomerization pathways have probably been discovered, though many remain the object of intense theoretical (see Chapter 7) and experimental research (see Chapters 4—6, 8-10, 13, and 14). In the present chapter, general CTI mechanisms will be divided into homolytic and heterolytic cleavage of the 7r-bond which allows isomerization, though some molecular motifs such as amides are able to switch from cis to trans via both processes. An overview of CTI in metal complex (mainly thermal, photochemical, and oxidative isomerizations) will be the purpose of Chapter 14 and will not be detailed here. 

Key references are given at the end of most entries to suggest further reading in the form of recent review articles, important original publications or even the first publication to communicate the discovery. They are meant to illustrate recent developments or important aspects of the keyword. 

This chapter focuses on virtual reality (VR) applications in the fields of engineering and industrial engineering. It gives definitions of the main keywords for the field of engineering and describes the hardware and software and the specific human-computer interaction aspects for virtual environments (VE). Some typical applications are specified that show the field-tested use of VR, and the basics for the integration of such applications in the development process are described. 

Keywords cavity, demolding, design aspects, EUROMAP, gas assisted injection molding, hot runner, mold construction, mold design, part ejection, robot, runner, sprue, three-plate mold, two-plate mold. 

Keywords filler, aspect ratio, particle shape, calcium carbonate, talc, platelets, reinforcement, glass fiber, kaolin, particle size, particle size distribution, chemical composition, adhesion, interface, aggregation, specific surface area, flow-induced orientation, hardness, surface free energy, surface tension, surface treatment, mechanical properties, thermal properties. 

Keywords long glass fiber, glass mat thermoplastic (GMT), shear lag model, rule of mixture, tensile modules, Cox-Krenchel model, aspect ratio, thermal properties, linear thermal expansion coefficient, lofting, tensile strength, Kelly-Tyson model, adhesion, wetting, glass mat, random fiber orientation. 

---