Juniper communis

At the same time there are two major push factors at influence in the Highlands. The first is the move to increase the biodiversity of the area and to move away from extensive plantations of single species conifers of alien species. This is occurring through the regeneration of the traditional mixed native woodlands of Scots pine, (Pinus sylvestris), birch, (Betula alba and pendula) and other native trees and an under story of species such as juniper (Juniper communis), wild cranberries, (Vaccinium macrocarpa) and blaeberries, (Vaccinium myrtillus). 

Juniper communis Sorbus acuparia Primus spinosa Vaccinium myrtillus Vaccinium macrocarpon Crataegus laevigata Hippophae rhamnoides... 

Juniper communis. Juniper, Stim. diuretic in infusion. 1 pint during 24 hours. Berry, 0[lb.] 8[oz.]... 

Juniper Oil. The best juniper oil [8012-91 -7] is obtained from the steam distillation of the ripe cmshed, dried berries of Juniperus communis L., a shmb which grows wild in many regions of Europe, Asia, Africa, and North America. However, most commercial juniperberry oil comes from the fermented fmits as a by-product of flavors for alcohoHc beverages such as gin, brandy, Hquors, cordials, and sloe-gin. This represents the actual commercial juniperberry oil, since very Httle tme juniperberry oil is produced. A comparison of the headspace volatiles of ripe juniperberries (85) with an authentic, freshly prepared juniperberry oil (86) is shown in Table 42. 

Gin. Gin is a botanical flavored spirit first produced in 1650 by Franciscus de La Boe, a professor of medicine at the University of Leyden, attempting to produce a palatable, therapeutic medicine. He distilled alcohol in the presence of juniper berries being aware that the Latin junipems communis means youth giving. 

Gardner, D.R., Panter, K.E., James, L.F. and Stegelmeier, B.L. (1998). Abortifacient effects of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) and common juniper (Juniperus communis) on cattle. Vet. Human Toxicol., 40, 260-263. 

Juniper berry oil is obtained by steam distillation of ripe fruits of Juniperus communis L. var. erecta Pursh. (Cupressaceae). It is a colorless, pale green or yellowish liquid with a characteristic, conifer-like odor, and an aromatic-bitter taste. 

Juniper berry Juniperus communis L. Monoterpene hydrocarbons, pinenes, sabinene, myrcene... 

Juniper berries Juniperus communis (Cupressaceae) a-cadinene... 

Cupressaceae 34. Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens) 35. Juniper (Juniperus communis)... 

Figure 7.18 Juniper berry. Analysis of Juniperus communis, showing a typical composition.

Comments There are two likely reasons why juniper oil acquired a tainted reputation, which has since been quoted and re-quoted. Firstly, there has undoubtedly been some confusion between juniper (Juniperus communis) and savin (Juniperus sabina). 

The botanical name and the part of the plant the oil is derived from, e.g. Syzygium aromaticum (clove) from bud, leaf or stem Juniperus communis L. (juniper) from berry or needle. 

Juniper Juniperus communis Lotions, ointments, beverage flavour... 

Today, Lobelia inflata (Indian tobacco) or its derivatives (lobeline hydrochloride and lobeline sulfate) are used for much the same purpose and are marketed throughout Europe in a number of multi-ingredient preparations 73 Similarly, Poly gala senega (Seneca snakeroot), listed in the supply table as an expectorant, is widely marketed throughout Europe and South Africa for respiratory-tract complaints 7 A popularly prescribed diuretic on the supply table was Juniperus communis (juniper) it is still widely manufactured and dispensed for the same purpose today75... 

Extracts of Juniperus communis and other species are used in cosmetics, as hair conditioners, and in fragrances (1). The volatile oil distilled from the berries of Juniperus communis (juniper) can act as a gastrointestinal irritant. It is said that excessive doses can cause renal damage, and use during pregnancy is discouraged because of a fear that this might also stimulate the uterus. 

Juglans regia (English walnut) Juniperus communis (juniper) Krameria species (ratany)... 

Juniper Juniperus communis Tonka beans Dipteryx species... 

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