JP 8 jet fuel

Pleil, J.D., Smith, L.B., and Zelnick, S.D., Personal exposure to JP-8 jet fuel vapors and exhaust at air force bases, Environ. Health Perspect., 108, 183, 2000. 

Mattie, D.R., et al., A 90-day continuous vapor inhalation toxicity study of JP-8 jet fuel followed by 20 or 21 months of recovery in Fischer 344 rats and C57BL/6 mice, Toxicol. Pathol., 19, 77, 1991. 

Harris, D.T., et al., Effects of short-term JP-8 jet fuel exposure on cell-mediated immunity, Toxicol. Ind. Health, 16, 78, 2000. 

Pfaff, J.K., et al., Inhalation exposure to JP-8 jet fuel alters pulmonary function and substance P levels in Fischer 344 rats, J. Appl. Toxicol., 15, 249, 1995. 

Wong, S.S., et al., Inflammatory responses in mice sequentially exposed to JP-8 jet fuel and influenza virus, Toxicology, 197, 139, 2004. 

Kabbur, M.B., et al., Effect of JP-8 jet fuel on molecular and histological parameters related to acute skin irritation, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 175, 83, 2001. 

Ullrich, S.E., Dermal application of JP-8 jet fuel induces immune suppression, Toxicol. Sci., 52, 61, 1999. 

Witzmann, F.A., et al., Toxicity of chemical mixtures Proteomic analysis of persisting liver and kidney protein alterations induced by repeated exposure of rats to JP-8 jet-fuel... 

Espinoza, L.A. and Smulson, M.E., Macroarray analysis of the effects of JP-8 jet fuel on gene expression in Jurkat cells, Toxicol., 189, 181, 2003. 

Keil, D.E., et al., Immunological and hematological effects observed in B6C3F1 mice exposed to JP-8 jet fuel for 14 days, J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A, 67, 1109, 2004. 

Dudley, A.C., et al., An aryl hydrocarbon receptor independent mechanism of JP-8 jet fuel immunotoxicity in AH-responsive and AH-nonresponsive mice, Toxicol. Sci., 59 251, 2001. 

Dunn and Knothe, 2003). That study also recommended block temperatures of 75-90°C for SME/JP-8 jet fuel blends. 

Chen, H., M.L. Witten, J.K. Pfaff, R.C. Lantz, and D. Carter. 1992. JP-8 jet fuel exposure increases alveolar epithelial permeability in rats [abstract]. FASEB J. 6(4) A1064. 

Mattie, D.R., G.B. Marit, C.D. Hemming, and J.R. Cooper. 1995. The effects of JP-8 jet fuel on male Sprague-Dawley rats after a 90-day exposure by oral gavage. Toxicol. Ind. Health 11 (4) 423-435. 

Pfaff, J., G. Parliman, K. Parton, R. Lantz, H. Chen, M. Hays, and M. Witten. 1993. Pathologic changes after JP-8 fuel inhalation in Fischer 344 rats [abstract]. FASEB J. 7(3-4) A408. Pleil, J.D., L.B. Smith, and S.D. Zelnick. 2000. Personal exposure to JP-8 jet fuel vapors and exhaust at air force bases. Environ. Health. Perspect. 108(3) 183-92. 

USAF (United States Air Force). 1994. The Chronic Effects of JP-8 Jet Fuel Exposure on the Lungs. Life and Environmental Sciences Directorate, U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Washington, DC. NTIS Publ. No. AD-A280-982. 

Riviere et al. (1999) used the isolated perfused porcine skin flap model to study absorption and disposition of JP-8. The percutaneous absorption and cutaneous disposition of topically applied neat Jet-A and JP-8 jet fuels were assessed by monitoring the absorptive flux of the marker components 14C naphthalene and 3H dodecane simultaneously. Absorption of 14C hexadecane was estimated from JP-8. Data were not reported in absolute amounts or concentrations. Instead, the objectives were to determine the relative absorption of the individual marker components from jet fuel, and the effect of a specific jet fuel s composition on the absorption of a specific marker. Having evaluated the absorption of only three of the 228 major nonadditive hydrocarbon constituents of the fuels, the authors stated that this is insufficient information to conduct risk assessments on jet fuels. However, the authors conclusions are informative. Naphthalene penetrated the skin more rapidly than dodecane or hexadecane, but the latter compounds had a larger fraction of the dose deposited in the skin. There were also differences in naphthalene and dodecane absorption and skin deposition between the fuels. These findings reinforce the difficulty of predicting risk for complex mixtures such as jet fuels. 

Jet fuel (surrogate and real) 2% Rh-10% Ni/Al203-Ce02 515 3 2000-3000 Capable of reforming the real JP-8 jet fuel containing 22ppm sulfur. Ni-Rh synergism plays a role for improved catalytic activity Strohm et al.137... 

Noble metals and hybrid of noble metal- and base metal-supported catalysts have also been developed in order to minimize the carbon formation and sulfur tolerance in the steam reforming of liquid hydrocarbons. Idemitsu Co., Ltd. in Japan has reported Ru-based naphtha reforming catalyst (ISR-7G) for the steam reforming of kerosene,134 whose chemical composition is more or less similar to that of JP-8 jet fuel as described in Table 2.13. The catalyst exhibited stable activity over 12,000h with 100% kerosene conversion and stable outlet gas composition. The catalyst was expected to meet the target lifetime of about 40,000 h, which corresponds to 10 years on the presupposition that the fuel cell would be operated in daytime only. 

Recently, Ma et al.238 explored a novel ODS method of liquid hydrocarbon fuels, which combines a catalytic oxidation step of the sulfur compounds using molecular oxygen followed by an adsorption step to remove oxidized sulfur compounds in the treated fuel using an AC. The ODS of an MJF and a real JP-8 jet fuel was conducted in a batch system at ambient conditions. They found that the oxidation using... 

Velu, S., Ma, X.L., Song, C.S., Namazian, M., Sethuraman, S., and Venkataraman, G. Desulfurization of JP-8 jet fuel by selective adsorption over a Ni-based adsorbent for micro solid oxide fuel cells. Energy Fuels, 2005, 19, 1116. 

Exposures to hydrocarbon mixtures have been shown to produce hepatotoxic effects. JP-8 jet fuel is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, including the following volatile compounds ... 

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