Japanese Chemical Abstracts

Takeyoshi, S. Sex Odor Components in Male Goat. Estrus Goats Are Interersted in 4-Ethyl Fatty Acids Secreted by Mature Male Goats. Kagaku to Seibutsu 21, 428-430 (1983) (in Japanese Chemical Abstracts 100 18.366s). 

Sasada, H., T. Sigyama, K. Yamashita, and J. Masaki Identification of Specific Odor Components in Mature Male Goats During the Breeding Season. J. Nippon Chikusan Gakkai Ho 54, 401-408 (1983). (in Japanese Chemical Abstracts 99 188.519x). 

Imai, Y. et al.. Chemical Abstracts 80 134385, translation from Japanese, 1974. 

Sugiyama, T. (1983). Sex odour components in male goat Estrous goats are interested in 4-ethyl fatty acids secreted by mature male goat. Kagaku to Seibutsu (Chemistry and Biology, Japanese) 21,420-430. [Chemical Abstracts 100,18366s.]... 

Unknown Name Explosives are listed here under X-EXPLOSIVES and also under Japanese Explosives and Related Items Described in Journals Patents Listed in Chemical Abstracts After WWII... 

A historical review withl07 references. Life and work of Louis-Cami1le Maillard (Feb. 4, 1878 -May 12, 1936) are described. The first use of the index term Maillard reaction in Chemical Abstracts was in 1950. German scientists with early interest in this reaction were Lintner (1912) and Ruckdeschel (1914). Several aspects of this reaction are reviewed with emphasis on the work of Japanese scientists. 

Free patent information is provided by the website http //www.freepatentsonline.com/, covering U.S., EP, and PCT patents/applications and Japanese patent abstracts. In addition to the usual text-based searches in various search fields, this site also enables graphically input chemical structure searches to be performed on over 9 million compounds (including prophetic compounds) using exact structure, substructure, or chemical similarity searches. Chemistry searches using SMILES strings or chemical names are also possible. Full patent documents may be viewed in text or PDF format. 

The importance of abstracting Japanese scientific articles, otherwise wholly or partially inaccessible because of the linguistic barrier, was recognized early by the German Chemisches Zentralblatt, the American Chemical Abstracts the Journal of the Chemical Society London) (abstracts 1871-1925), and the British Chemical Abstracts. Since its first appearance in 1907, Chemical Abstracts has given increasing attention to Japanese chemical literature. This is described by the editor, E. J. Crane, in two articles 8, 9) from which the following statistics are taken. 

Abstracts of Japanese articles published in Chemical Abstracts were 0.3% of the total in 1909, and 9.1% in 1951 (first half of the year) however, the Japanese chemical literature was not covered completely before 1918. In comparison, American articles were 20.1% in 1909 and 36.6% in 1951 German articles made up a large part of the total in 1909 (45.0%), while they represent only 7.9% in 1951 9). 

For a number of years World War II prevented the growth of the coverage of Japanese chemical literature. After the war. Crane re-established connections with Japanese literature 5) and by 1948 Chemical Abstracts had again received abstracts of approximately 5000 articles that had appeared in Japan since 1941 6). 

Little can be said about Japanese patents as a source of information for the chemist searching the literature however, Japanese patents are being abstracted by Chemical Abstracts. Information about them may also be had from Tokyo Koho, the official patent report appearing irregularly in Japanese, published by Hatsumei Kyokai, The Patent Office, Tokyo (3). 

A few other entry-level jobs entail no laboratory work. They track an orbit remote from the pharmaceutical industry nucleus, but make indispensable contributions to this and other chemical industries and to the community of researchers. For example, the Chemical Abstracts Service employs organic chemists to summarize the world s scientific literature. Academic qualifications span the range from bachelor s to doctor s degrees strong candidates know languages like Japanese, Russian, or German. 

Because of the large number of papers published in the period under review (1977 and 1978 calendar years), and the limited time and space available, many references herein are very brief. West European, Japanese, and North American literature has been covered fairly thoroughly, but those references to the East European and Russian literature appearing here do so mainly by virtue of a citation in Chemical Abstracts. For earlier years, the reader is referred to the chapters on Synthetic Macromolecules in the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance volumes published annually in this Specialist Periodical Reports series, beginning in 1972. 

Unfortunately, the Russian authors apparently did not know that Japanese authors had claimed the same trivial names (petuniosides A-D) for ergostane glycosides isolated from the fresh aerial parts of the same species just one year before (Shingu et al. 1994 see Sect. 7.11). This led to unpleasant confusions if SciFinderScholar 2006 (Chemical Abstracts Service) is used. Abstracts of the Russian authors are mixed with structures elucidated by the Japanese authors. 

In other parts of the world, reference journals were also founded In 1927, the first issue of the journal Nippon Kagaku Soran was published in Japanese. This journal has abstracted the Imown chemical literature in Japan since 1877. The Japan Information Center of Science and Technology (JICST), which was founded 1957, took over the reference journal in 1958 for financial reasons and continued publishing it with the new title Domestic Chemistry Series of JICST Current Awareness. The rest of the world did not take very much notice of Japanese publications, now and then an article was cited in Chemisches Zen-tralblatt or Chemical Abstracts although this Japanese reference journal was essential for Japanese chemists. The number of publications, which were cited in Chemical Abstracts increased steadily (34 abstracts in 1907 109,800 in 1991), the systematic access to the Japanese chemical literature was organized after the Second World War Since 1977, the Japan Association for International Chemical Information (JAICI), a department of JICST, has cooperated with Chemical Abstracts Service and since 1980, all CA abstracts of Japanese publications have been written by JAICI. 

Figure 12 shows that the Japanese patent has the priority but the patent publication had not arrived at Chemical Abstracts Service at the time the abstract was written about the European patent. The situation is particularly difficult with American patents because under US patent law there is only one step after application Only when the patent is granted is the document published (see example in Sect. 2.6). That means, if a US patent document is cited everybody knows that the patent has been granted. In all other patent processes the patent document will be published as an application and later once again when it is granted. With a European patent application the priority has to be named -this gives, in the case of a patent family, the cross-reference to the parent patent - and will be cited in the corresponding CA abstracts. 

Cross-reference to a patent family The German patent belongs to a patent family of which the Japanese patent was abstracted in an early Chemical Abstracts issue. This entry indicates that the application of the German patent was sent to the Chemical Abstracts Service during the preparation period of that particular Chemical Abstracts issue. 

This Japanese patent belongs to a patent family of which the European patent was the first abstracted by the Chemical Abstracts Service. Further information about this patent family and the CA abstract number pertaining to it are to be found under the European patent number. 

The Patent Index refers from the questioned US patent 5,158,840 to a European patent (Fig. 47). The A after the American patent number indicates that the patent has been granted, the A1 after the EP number shows that at this time Chemical Abstracts Service has become aware of this patent as a patent application. The patent family is shown under the number of the European patent (Fig. 48) Firstly the codes for those countries are named for which the protection by the European patent is registered - in this case there are four countries Germany, France, the United Kingdom and Sweden. This is followed by the respective CA abstract number. It also states that a Japanese patent belonging to this family has been submitted. In the listing of a patent family it is not possible to identify which is the parent patent holding the priority. 

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