Japan instruments

The other type of x-ray source is an electron syncluotron, which produces an extremely intense, highly polarized and, in the direction perpendicular to the plane of polarization, highly collimated beam. The energy spectrum is continuous up to a maximum that depends on the energy of the accelerated electrons, so that x-rays for diffraction experiments must either be reflected from a monochromator crystal or used in the Laue mode. Whereas diffraction instruments using vacuum tubes as the source are available in many institutions worldwide, there are syncluotron x-ray facilities only in a few major research institutions. There are syncluotron facilities in the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Genuany and Japan. 

The Stereoscan instruments were a triumphant success and their descendants, mostly made in Britain, France, Japan and the United States, have been sold in thousands over the years. They are indispensable components of modern materials science laboratories. Not only that, but they have uses which were not dreamt of when Oatley developed his first instruments thus, they are used today to image integrated microcircuits and to search for minute defects in them. 

Nippon Steel Chemical (Japan) Sankyo Organic Chemicals (Japan) Varsal Instruments... 

Bovey, F A, Jelmski, L, Mirau, P A Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, 2nd ed, Acadermc Press New York, 1988 Proton and Fluorine Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectral Data, Vanan Instruments/Japan Halon Tokyo, 1988... 

ISIS is only one pulsed source available for the study of liquids. Both the USA and Japan have facilities similar to SANDALS and GEM for studying liquids, but with slightly lower neutron intensity in the forms of the IPNS (Intense Pulsed Neutron Source) at the Argonne National Eab. on the instrument GEAD, and the KEK Neutron Scattering Eacility (KENS) on the instrument ELit II, respectively. 

Skoog, D. A. West, D. M. (1980). Principles of Instrumental Analysis, 2nd edn. Chapter 8. Tokyo Holt-Saunders Japan Ltd. 

The author is grateful to Mr. H. Horiuchi for the preparation of photoelectrochemical cells. Professor S. Yamada for discussion, and Professor Y. Tanimoto and Associate Professor Y. Fujiwara for using the superconducting magnets. The author also thanks The Center of Advanced Instrumental Analysis, Kyushu University, for H-NMR measurements. This study was financially supported by the Grant-in-Aids for Scientific Research Priority Areas (Area 767, No. 15085203) and (Area 432, No. 17034051), Scientific Research (C) (No. 17550131), and twenty first century COE Program Function Innovation of Molecular Informatics from M EXTof the Japan. 

Many instrumentation companies have commercialized complete or modular CE systems. The principal vendors are Beckman Instruments, Inc. (Fullerton, CA) Bio-Rad Laboratories (Hercules, CA) Dionex Co. (Sunnyvale, CA) Hewlett Packard (Palo Alto, CA) ISCO, Inc. (Lincoln, NE) Otsuka, Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan) Perkin-Elmer -ABI (Foster City, CA) Thermo-Separation Products (Fremont, CA) and Waters Associates (Milford, MA). 

Microprobe analysis was initially developed at the University of Paris by R. Castaing, who fitted an X-ray spectrometer to a converted electron microscope in the early 1950s, and the first commercial instrument, developed in France by the Cameca company, appeared in 1958. The following years saw commercial instruments produced in the UK, USA and Japan. 

On the last three decades, several space experiments with parts at very low temperatures have been flown. Among these, we mention IRAS (Infrared Astronomical Satellite) launched in 1983 (see Fig. 14.1), COBE (Cosmic Background Explorer) launched in 1989, ISO (Infrared Space Observatory) launched in 1995 and Astro-E (X-ray Observatory), launched in 2000 with instrumentation at 65 mK [35], Some cryogenic space missions are in the preparation or in final phase in Europe, USA and Japan. For example, ESA is going to fly Planck (for the mapping of the cosmic background radiation) and Herschel (called before FIRST Far Infrared and Submillimetre Telescope ) [36], These missions will carry experiments at 0.1 and 0.3 K respectively. 

LTD-11 11th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors, Tokyo, Japan, 31 July—5 August 2005, Published in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A, vol. 559, Elsevier (2006)... 

Molecular mixing via dynamic mechanical spectroscopy. While electron microscopy yields the phase size, shape, etc., as delineated above, dynamic mechanical spectroscopy (DMS) yields the composition within each phase. The DMS measurements employed a Rheovibron direct reading viscoelastometer model DDV-II (manufactured by Toyo Measuring Instruments Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). The measurements were taken over a temperature range from -120°C to 140°C using a frequency of 110 Hz and a heating rate of about 1°C/ min. Sample dimensions were about 0.03 x 0.15 x 2 cms. 

Sharp User Manual, Sharp Instruments, Japan, (1986). 

A. L. Harmer, Fibre optic sensors for offshore process control instrumentation, Proc. Optical Fibre Sensors Conference (OFS 86), Informal Workshop at Tusukuba Science City, 1986, VII. Pub Institute of Electronics and Communication Engineers of Japan, Tokyo, 1986. 

The instrument used in the turbidity measurement was Hatch Model 2100 A Turbidimeter. A Hotech Shaker Bath, Model 901 (Hotech Instruments Corp.) was used in mixing the oil and surfactant solution. The nonionic surfactants, Newcol 1102, 1103 and 1105 were produced by Sino-Japan Chemical Co., Ltd. The active ingredient is dodecanol ethoxylate. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, No. L. 5750, Sigma Chemical Co. 95% active, containing 65% Cj 2>... 

Pioneering studies were made to determine the structure of tetrodotoxin 1, one of the most toxic compounds among the low-molecular-weight poisons, found in the ovaries and liver of puffer fish, which is a highly esteemed delicacy in Japan. With a combination of the most versatile instrumental facilities, the complex perhydroquinazoline structure of 1 was established (65T2059) in the early 1960s. 

A few commercial instruments have become available, for instance, from Insent Inc. (Atsugi-chi, Japan) and Alpha MOS (Toulouse, France). They are potentiometric devices for taste sensing, mainly used in the pharmaceutical sector. 

Takeshi Akasaka Burnham Institute for Medical Research, Del E. Webb Neuroscience, A fin t and Stem Cell Research Center, La Jolla, CA, USA Eiji Ando Life Science Laboratory, Analytical and Measuring Instruments Division, Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan... 

SPRi instrument. MultiSPRinter (Toyobo, Osaka, JAPAN). 

In order to improve the point resolution, a number of important custom or home-built instruments at higher voltages ( 500-600 keV) were developed during the 1970s (including at the Universities of Cambridge (UK) and Kyoto (Japan)). Some of these impressive and highly specialized instruments were,... 

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