Italic type terms

Italic type is used to indicate special terms, like basis set, the first time they appear in the text. Italicized terms will be defined immediately following their introduction. 

The tensor quantities given in this chapter are all second rank, and are sometimes referred to as matrices, according to common usage, so that the two terms, tensor and matrix, are used interchangeably. In many cases, the components (or coefficients) of second-rank tensors are represented by 3 x 3 matrices. Symbols for tensors (matriees) are printed in bold italic type, while symbols for the components are printed in italic type. In general, the base tensors are those for a rectangular Cartesian coordinate system. 

This document defines the most commonly used terms relating to polymers containing ionizable or ionic groups and to polymers containing ions. Inorganic materials, such as certain phosphates, silicates, etc., that also may be considered ionic polymers are excluded from the present document. Only those terms that could be defined without ambiguity are considered. Cross-references to terms defined elsewhere within the document are printed in italic type. 

In the following, a scalar is represented with italic type and a vector is denoted with boldface type. The vector can be represented in terms of its components in the directions represented as unit vectors, that is,... 

Use italic type for a word being defined or for a newly introduced term the first time it appears in text. 

Do not use italic type for common Latin terms and abbreviations. 

Use italic type for certain chirality symbols and symmetry site terms. 

This table lists some abbreviations, acronyms, and symbols encountered in the physical sciences. Most entries in italic type are symbols for physical quantities for more details on these, see the table Symbols and Terminology for Physical and Chemical Quantities in this section. Additional information on units may be found in the table International System of Units (SI) in Section 1. Many of the terms to which these abbreviations refer are included in the tables Definitions of Scientific Terms in Section 2 and Techniques for Materials Characterization in Section 12. Useful references for further information are given below. 

Of course, many equations look much the same with total and molar properties because ratios are involved. That is, if (0U/8S)v = T, then it is also true that (dU/dS)v = T or if (0G/aP)j. = V, then (dG/dP)j- = V, so that the distinction may seem to be unimportant. However, sometimes it is important, as we will see. In general terms, we use the total form of our variables (bold type) in some theoretical discussions, and the molar form (italic type) in most calculations. 

Since a goal of this text is to remove the mathematics phobia that usually exists among some of our bright young chemical engineers, rigor is sacrificed in favor of exposition. Therefore, the references at the end of each chapter have been carefully selected to aid the reader who wishes to pursue further study in the discussed subject matter. However, 1 do wish to point out that those references are not in any way exhaustive. Boldface or italic type is used to draw attention to a term or statement that is significant to the concept under discussion. 

Key terms are emphasized in boldface or italic type in the text and are defined at the end of each chapter, immediately reinforcing terminology and concepts. 

Vocabulary Chemistry uses words in a precise way, and it is important that you develop a vocabulary of terms in order to read and communicate the subject effectively. When a new, important word is introduced in the text, we have flagged it by putting it in boldface type. The definition of that word will generally follow in the same sentence in italic type. All of these words are collected at the end of the chapter in the fist of Important Terms. They also appear, along with a few other words, in the Glossary at the end of the book, and online for easy reference. In addition, on the... 

A mutation may be associated with a change in a biological trait(s) called phenotype. [The genetic trait giving rise to the phenotype is called genotype. Genotypes are described using italic type, e.g., lac, whereas the phenotypes, which are described by the same terms, are not italicized but the first letter is capitalized. 

This appendix provides definitions and a source of basic information about polymers and chemical products - their properties, the processes by which they are made, the test methods used to assess product characteristics and assure product quality, and the types of equipment and materials that rely on feedstocks for their operation or manufacture. In most of the definitions, certain words and phrases are in italics others are in boldface. Italics indicate that the term is defined separately under its own heading boldface indicates that the term is of key importance in the definition or that it is a commonly used alternative word or phrase being described. 

Copley Medal for his and his two associates discovery that DNA was the substance of heredity. On this occasion. Sir Henry Dale, the President of the Royal Society said, Here surely is a change to which. .. we should accord the status of a genetic variation and the substance inducing it—the gene in solution, one is tempted to call it—appears to be a nucleic acid of the desoxyribose type. Whatever it be, it is something which should be capable of complete description in terms of structural chemistry (italics added) [31],... 

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