Copley Medal

Physicists around the world gradually came to appreciate Mayer s scientific work, but by this time they were unsure whether he was still alive and, if so, what his mental condition was. In his later years he finally reaped some fruit from his scientific labors. In 1859 he received an honorai y doctorate from the University of Tiibmgen. This was followed in 1871 by his reception of the Copley Medal from the Royal Society of London, and then the Prix Poncelet from the Paris Academy of Sciences. It is unknown how appreciative Mayer was of this belated notoriety when he died of tuberculosis in 1878. 

Woodward was awarded the 1965 Nobel Prize in chemistry for his contributions in the field of chemical synthesis. He received many other awards also, including the Davy Medal (1959) and the Copley Medal (1978) of the Royal Society and the U.S. National Medal of Science (1964). He died of a heart attack in Cambridge on July 8,1979. 

He also showed that many mineral waters contain considerable quantities of air identical with choke damp. Even at this early date he recognized the acidic nature of carbon dioxide and showed that some of the earths which had been precipitated from the water could be redissolved by the choke damp. He showed that, although the air from fermenting liquors. .. is. .. a deadly poison when applied to the lungs. . . exactly in the manner of the choak-damp,. . . yet nevertheless this air, when taken inwardly in a convenient quantity of a. liquid vehicle, is found to have wonderfully exciting and reviving qualities. . (S4). For his experiments on choke damp and carbon dioxide Dr. Brownrigg was awarded the Copley Medal. 

While studying at Heidelberg, Sir Edward Thorpe read in a French periodical on popular science that the Copley Medal had been awarded to Sir Henry E. Roscoe. His letter of congratulation brought the following reply ... 

No other method of electrification (other than by friction) had previously been known. After Hans Sloane had taken over the Presidency of the Royal Society in 1727, Gray belatedly began to receive the recognition that his electrical research deserved. He was awarded the Royal Society s first Copley Medal in 1731 for his discovery of conduction, and the second in 1732 for his work on electrostatic induction. Despite his electrical experiments, and a fondness for tobacco, he survived until 1736. He has no monument in stone, but is memorialized in verse by Dictionary Johnson (Samuel Johnson 1709-1784) [v]. He received the Copley Medal twice (in 1731 and 1732) and became FRS in 1733. 

He received the Copley Medal, the highest award from the Royal Society of London in 1794, and Napoleon also honored his invention with a gold metal (1801), named an award after him, and made him a count in 1810. 

Kirwan s measurement of affinities, which won him the Copley Medal of the Royal Society, was directly stimulated by Guyton s work. " The three papers he presented to the Royal Society contained a number of innovations that lasting effects on European chemistry. Though Kirwan usually emerges in the historiography of the Chemical Revolution as a loser who supported the phlogiston theory, his focus on the saturation capacity of acids and bases as the true measure of affinities opened a new frontier of analytic chemistry which developed into nineteenth-century stoichiometry. He also tapped the true revolutionary potential of pneumatic chemistry by enlisting marine acid air as the... 

Bunsen was a very modest man, despite being honored by some of Europe s most prestigious scientific institutions. In 1853 he was elected to the Chemical Society in London and to the Academie des Sciences in Paris. He was named a fellow of the Royal Society of London in 1858 and received its Copley Medal in 1860. Bunsen and Kirchhoff were together awarded the first Davy Medal in 1877 for their development of spectroscopy. 

Mendeleev received the Davy Medal (with Meyer in 1882) and the Copley Medal (in 1905), but Russia s Imperial Academy of Sciences refused to acknowledge his work. He resigned his university position in 1890 and was... 

Copley Medal for his and his two associates discovery that DNA was the substance of heredity. On this occasion. Sir Henry Dale, the President of the Royal Society said, Here surely is a change to which. .. we should accord the status of a genetic variation and the substance inducing it—the gene in solution, one is tempted to call it—appears to be a nucleic acid of the desoxyribose type. Whatever it be, it is something which should be capable of complete description in terms of structural chemistry (italics added) [31],... 

At Leeds Priestley lived next door to a brewery, which Joseph Black had shown was a good source of his "fixed air, carbon dioxide. Priestley with his ever lively mind began to study this gas. In the course of his studies, he noticed that not only did the gas dissolve in water, but when it did, it produced a pleasant drink. This invention of soda water (the very same soda water that is the basis for today s bil-lion-dollar, international soft-drink industry) won him the prestigious Copley Medal from the Royal Society of London, and his scientific career was off and running. (It is of passing interest to note that Priestley in this same period discovered that rubber from South America, called India rubber, efficiently erased pencil marks— an invention to which these authors owe much.)... 

VIII. Six Discourses delivered before the Royal Society at their Anniversary Meetings, on the Award of the Royal and Copley Medals preceded by an Address to the Society on the Progress and Prospects of Science, 1827 in XI, 1840, vii. 

He was elected a foreign member of the Royal Society and received the Copley Medal, and was elected to the Paris Institut in 1822. In 1832 he resigned his professorship, being succeeded by Carl Gustav Mosander (1797-1858), and devoted himself mainly to literary work. In 1835, when he married, he was made a baron and given a pension by King Charles XIV. Berzelius continued to interest himself actively in chemical discussions until his death on 7 August 1848. ... 

Priestley s first extensive paper on gases, Observations on Different Kinds of Air , was read in March 1772, but additions were made to it until November. On 30 November 1773 he was awarded a Copley Medal by the Royal Society for this work and that on electricity, and a discourse was delivered by the president, Sir John Pringle ... 

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