Irritable bladder, syndrome

In German phytomedicine, the dried rhizome and its preparations were used for conditions of nervous anxiety, stress, and unrest. Combined with pumpkin seed oil, kava extracts have been used in the treatment of irritable bladder syndrome. Use is contraindicated during pregnancy, lactation, and depression. The German monograph on the plant also notes that continuous use can cause temporary yellow discoloration of the skin, hair, and nails, or rare allergic skin reactions. May interact with alcohol, barbiturates, and other psychopharmaceuticals or interfere with operation of machinery or vehicles (weiss). ... 

Atropine Generic Peptic ulcer, irritable bowel syndrome, neurogenic bladder, bronchospasm, preoperative antisecretory agent, cardiac arrhythmias (e.g., sinus bradycardia, postmyocardial infarction, asystole], reversal of neuromuscular blockade, antidote to cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning... 

Hyoscyamine Cystospaz, Levsin, others Peptic ulcer, irritable bowel syndrome, urinary bladder hypermotility, preoperative antisecretory agent... 

Urinary Tract. Atropine and several synthetic antimuscarinics have been used to alleviate urinary frequency and incontinence caused by hypertonicity of the urinary bladder.13,17 Increased bladder tone results if the normal reflex control of bladder function is disrupted (i.e., the so-called neurogenic bladder syndrome) or a urinary tract infection irritates the bladder. Some people might also exhibit increased urinary... 

Gastroenterology. The study of the gastrointestinal organs and diseases that relate to them. This includes any part of the digestive tract from mouth to anus, liver, biliary tract, and the pancreas. Studies in this area include constipation, Crohn s disease, diarrhea, gall bladder disease, heartburn, hemorrhoids, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), ulcers, liver disease, stomach cancer, and others. 

Aids in control of gastric secretions, visceral spasm, hypermotility in spastic colitis, spastic bladder, pylorospasm, relief of symptoms in fundional intestinal disorders, biliary and renal colic, peptic ulcer, irritable bowel syndrome, neurogenic colon, pancreatitis Adjundive treatment of peptic ulcer... 

Pfizer has also been investigating catalytic direct amidation reactions. One of the most encouraging substrates is the synthesis of zamifenacin, which has been used for overactive bladder and irritable bowel syndrome. Only 2 mol% boric acid catalyst loading gave complete conversion of amide with Dean-Stark water removal in the direct amidation. Unfortunately, in 1990, zamifenacin was put on hold and replaced by darifenacin, so the synthesis of zemifenacin was never sealed up beyond laboratoiy scale. 

---