Spleen irradiated

Spleen cells (4x10 ) were isolated to analyze the CTL response and restimulated with peptide-pulsed and irradiated spleen cells (2 X10 cells in 2 mL medium). On day 3, IL-2 (2.5 Lf/mL) was... 

Figure 5.10 Persistence of SE immunogenicity in the spleen of High and Low responders SE agglutinin production in primed outbred albino mice after injection of irradiated spleen (1/4 spleen equivalent per recipient) from High or Low responders immunized at different times before spleen removal (for details see text).

OsoBA (1969 a, b) used the Marbrook system to culture varying numbers of normal mouse spleen cells (0.25-4 XIO ) mixed with irradiated spleen cells (to maintain a constant cell density) in the presence of SRC and/or ChRC. He observed that a certain fraction of cultures responded while other remained negative. 

Interaction between bone marrow and spleen has been demonstrated for both embryonic and regenerating systems (Auerbach, 1965 Globerson, 1966). In the presence of bone marrow, both embryonic spleen and lethally irradiated spleen explants were found to develop lymphoid architecture. Since trans-filter experiments have not yet been performed, the precise nature of this interactive system has not been determined. Work on lymph nodes, bursa of Fabricius, and appendix has not progressed to a point where the nature of inductive interaction has been characterized sufficiently to warrant discussion. On the other hand, a number of interrelationships have been demonstrated in vivo. 

Chinese Herbal Medicines. Many traditional Chinese medicines have been screened for radioprotective activity in experimental animals. In one study of more than a thousand Chinese herbs, a number of agents increased the survival rate of dogs exposed to a lethal dose of y-rays by 30—40%, and some symptoms of radiation injury were ameHorated. These effects are potentially related to stimulation of the hemopoietic and immune systems (130). Extracts of five Chinese dmg plants, as weU as aspirin, effectively protected mice exposed to 7.5—8.0 Gy (750—800 rad) of y-radiation, and increased survival rates by 8—50% (131). Several Chinese traditional medicines, adininistered ip before or after irradiation, protected against Hpid peroxidation in a variety of mouse tissues, including BM, Hver, and spleen, as weU as in mouse Hver microsomal suspensions irradiated in vitro (132). 

Figure 1. Experimental Set up. Irradiated female mice were transplanted with retrovirally transduced BM cells from male donors (6 mice per vector). After 6 months of monitoring a secondary BMT took place. Spleen cells were used for the analysis of retroviral vector insertion sites (RVIS) by means of Ligation Mediated PCR (LM PCR) °. After another 6 months follow up spleen cells of the secondary recipients were again analysed for RVIS via LM-PCR.

The question of enzyme specificity for irradiated polynucleotides is taken up in more detail in the recent review of Johns.11 The specificities of four enzymes, spleen phosphodiesterase, snake venom phosphodiesterase, pancreatic ribonuclease, and pancreatic deoxyribonuclease are discussed. 

Table 5. Spleen colony-forming units (CFUs) detected in irradiated recipient mice after injection of bone marrow harvested from mice injected with free ADR or HPMA copolymer ADR conjugates (from [177] with permission)...

Feeder cells for fusion cultures (see Note 6) essential for fusions employing rat myelomas. Quickly thaw irradiated rat fibroblasts, prepared as described in Note 6, just before commencing the cell fusion. Add the cells to 10 mL of serum-free DMEM, centrifuge, and wash once in serum-free DMEM Resuspend feeders in HAT medium just before addition of the fusion mixture. Alternatively, use thymocytes from spleen donors (mouse). 

The autoantibody production in autoimmune diseases may be attributed to the inability of Treg cells to control their synthesis. In an autoimmune model, T cells regulate the mechanisms through which B cells that were autoreactive to selfantigens do not produce autoantibodies, suggesting a role for suppressor T cells. The administration of irradiation, thymocytes, lymph nodes or spleen cells inhibits the production of autoantibodies, which is attributed to the suppressor T cells. 

Another important assumption from the lectin binding studies was that hemopoietic stem cells in the mouse may carry receptors for both peanut agglutinin and soybean agglutinin. Evidence in support of this assumption was obtained when, with the aid of peanut agglutinin and soybean agglutinin a cell fraction was isolated from mouse bone marrow and spleen, which was enriched with hemopoietic stem cells and depleted of "graft-versus-host" activity. Furthermore, such a cell fraction could be used for successful reconstruction of irradiated allogeneic mice (3SH. ... 

Karu T, Andreichuk T, Ryabykh T. Changes in oxidative metabolism of murine spleen following diode laser (660-950 nm) irradiation effect of cellular composition and radiation parameters. Lasers Surg Med 1993 13 453. 

The effect of low-dose irradiation of the immune system was investigated in mice (Ren et al, 2006). When a 0.2 Gy (20 rad) dose of x-irradiation was administered every other day for a total of four times, the number of lymphocytes yielded by the liver, spleen, and thymus decreased by 10 days, but increased above the level of the control mice by day 28. The population of NK cells dramatically expanded, especially in the liver where primordial lymphocytes were present. Functional and phenotypic activation of these cells occurred at the recovery stage, raising the possibility that an initial activation of macrophages by low-dose irradiation mediated the innate immune system (Ren et al., 2006). 

Bio-distributions of EMFs were investigated by using holmium-containing metallofullerenes as radiotracers [169, 170], A mixture of HOx Cs2 (t= 1, 2) was used as the starting material to synthesize water-soluble polyhydroxyl derivatives, H0 c C82(OH)j which were then neutron-irradiated to produce the corresponding radiotracer, that is, Hox C82(OH)3,. Biodistributions of this material in B ALB/c mice are summarized in Figure 7.16. After 1 h injection, it had been presented to all the organs of the entire body, except tissues with limited blood flow such as the brain and adipose tissues, which indicated a blood-delivery character. However, it is difficult for the liver, bone, kidney, and spleen to metabolize the metallofullerols within 48 h, but it does not mean obvious toxicity, because slow and steady clearance of the metallofullerols was observed over 5 days in Fischer rats. 

Feeder cells for fusion cultures ( eNote 5. Essential for fusions employing rat myelomas) Three hours to one day before fusion, 2—4 x 10 rat fibroblasts in 10 mL of DMEM and contained in a 30 mL plastic universal are irradiated with about 30 Gy (3000 rad) of X- or T rays. Dilute with 90 mL of HT (3 h before fusion) or DMEM containing 10% FCS (1 d before fusion) and plate 1-mL aliquots into four 24-well plates or 0.2-mL aliquots into five 96-welI plates. Alternatively, use thymocytes from spleen donors (mouse). 

Sodium fluoride did not induce reverse mutations in Salmonella typhimurium, nor did it induce gene conversion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A fluoride level of 0.4-1.0mgl inhibited DNA repair after irradiation of mouse spleen cells in vitro. Sodium fluoride was not mutagenic in cell cultures of human leukocytes at concentrations of 18 and 54mgl . Little or no effect was noted on chromosomes when mouse oocytes were exposed in vitro to a fluoride concentration of 200 mg 1 in media for up to 14 h. 

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