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Radioactive isotopes iodine

Many artificial (likely radioactive) isotopes can be created through nuclear reactions. Radioactive isotopes of iodine are used in medicine, while isotopes of plutonium are used in making atomic bombs. In many analytical applications, the ratio of occurrence of the isotopes is important. For example, it may be important to know the exact ratio of the abundances (relative amounts) of the isotopes 1, 2, and 3 in hydrogen. Such knowledge can be obtained through a mass spectrometric measurement of the isotope abundance ratio. [Pg.423]

The radioactive isotopes available for use as precursors for radioactive tracer manufacturing include barium [ C]-carbonate [1882-53-7], tritium gas, p2p] phosphoric acid or pP]-phosphoric acid [15364-02-0], p S]-sulfuric acid [13770-01 -9], and sodium [ I]-iodide [24359-64-6]. It is from these chemical forms that the corresponding radioactive tracer chemicals are synthesized. [ C]-Carbon dioxide, [ C]-benzene, and [ C]-methyl iodide require vacuum-line handling in weU-ventilated fume hoods. Tritium gas, pH]-methyl iodide, sodium borotritide, and [ I]-iodine, which are the most difficult forms of these isotopes to contain, must be handled in specialized closed systems. Sodium p S]-sulfate and sodium [ I]-iodide must be handled similarly in closed systems to avoid the Uberation of volatile p S]-sulfur oxides and [ I]-iodine. Adequate shielding must be provided when handling P P]-phosphoric acid to minimize exposure to external radiation. [Pg.437]

Strong iodide solutions act by decreasing the vascularity of the thyroid gland by rapidly inhibiting the release of the thyroid hormones. Radioactive iodine is distributed within the cellular fluid and excreted. The radioactive isotope accumulates in the cells of the tiiyroid gland, where destruction of tiiyroid cells occurs without damaging other cells throughout the body. [Pg.534]

EGER targeting was also used for systemic delivery of pDNA expressing the sodium iodide symporter (NIS) gene to liver cancer cells, followed by administration of radioactive isotope iodine-131, which accumulates in the tumor by NIS-mediated uptake in radiotherapeutic doses [227]. [Pg.16]

Iodine-131 was among the first radioactive isotopes used for radioimmunoconjugate preparation (Order, 1982 Regoeczi, 1984). Since the earliest studies on the efficacy of radiotherapy, additional isotopes have been employed, such as iodine-125, bismuth-212, yttrium-90, yttrium-88, technetium-99 m, copper-67, rhenium-188, rhenium-186, galium-66, galium-67, indium-111, indium-114 m, indium-115, and boron-10. [Pg.498]

Radioactive ions, removal of, 14 423 Radioactive isotopes of iodine, 14 373... [Pg.784]

Iodine is an essential nutrient element required for thyroid gland. It is added to salt and to animal feeds for the prevention of goiter. In medicine it is used as a therapeutic reagent for the treatment of various thyroid-related diseases. It also is used as an antiseptic. Radioactive isotopes of iodine are used for treating thyroid cancer, heart diseases including tachycardia, and as a tracer for diagnosing certain diseases. [Pg.397]

III.b.1.6. Radioactive iodine. Radioactive iodine (Iodine-131) is a radioactive isotope of iodine, usually taken in an oral solution formulation as sodium 1. Given orally as sodium I, radioactive iodine is rapidly absorbed, concentrated and stored in the thyroid follicles. The therapeutic effect depends on beta-ray emission and destruction of thyroid parenchyma manifests some weeks after treatment. It is relatively safe, cheap, painless and avoids side effects associated with surgery. It is widely regarded as the treatment of choice in adults with toxic multinodular goiter, toxic nodule and people who relapse after a course of antithyroid medication. [Pg.761]

The halogens will be restricted to chlorine, bromine and iodine since fluorine, as the most electronegative element, does not function as the central atom in a complex and astatine has only short-lived, radioactive isotopes, so that very little of its coordination chemistry has been investigated.2 ... [Pg.311]

In a technique known as medical imaging, tracers are used in medicine for the diagnosis of internal disorders. Small amounts of a radioactive material, such as sodium iodide, Nal, which contains the radioactive isotope iodine-131, are administered to a patient and traced through the body with a radiation detector. The result, shown in Figure 4.11, is an image that shows how the material is distributed in the body. This technique works because the path the tracer material takes is influenced only by its physical and chemical properties, not by its radioactivity. The tracer may be introduced alone or along with some other chemical, known as a carrier compound, that helps target the isotope to a particular type of tissue in the body. [Pg.115]

The thyroid gland, located in the neck, absorbs much of the iodine that enters the body in food and drink. This image of the gland was obtained by giving a patient the radioactive isotope iodine-131. Such images are useful in diagnosing metabolic disorders. [Pg.115]

A variety of radioactive isotopes is available having gamma rays diller-ing in penetrating ability, and with half-lives varying from a few minutes to many years. Radioactive iodine with an 8 day half-life and radioactive bromine with a l -day half-life were used for most tests. Radiation from these isotopes passes easily through the walls of pipe found in the oil field. [Pg.193]

As part of a radio-iodine treatment for a thyroid problem, a sample of radioactive Nal is injected into a person at 9 00 A.M. on a certain day. The iodide goes almost immediately to the thyroid gland. If the sample has 10,000 cpm when injected, how many cpm will there be at 3 00 P.M. on the same day The half-life of the iodine-128 isotope is 25.08 min. [Pg.247]

Madelmont and Veyre have reported the preparation of (206) from cyanuric chloride (75MI22002). The compound is valuable in the dynamic exploration of the lymphatic system, when it is prepared using radioactive isotopes of iodine. 2,4-Dichloro-l,3,5-triazines containing a secondary amino group with a vinylic substituent have promise in binding dental resins to biological tissues. The chlorines react with the dentine tooth enamel whilst the vinyl moiety bonds to the resin (75GEP2630745). [Pg.527]

II The radioactive isotopes of iodine, by contrast, are both y emitters, providing a... [Pg.420]

Radioactive isotopes of iodine are handled by the thyroid in the same way as stable iodine and are therefore actively concentrated, incorporated into thyroglobulin, stored, metabolized, and secreted as thyroid hormones. Small amounts of radioactive iodine are therefore ideal probes to analyse the uptake of iodine, the distribution of iodine in the gland, and possibly even its turnover and incorporation into thyroid hormones. Larger amounts of radioactive iodine selectively radiate the thyroid gland and therefore selectively impair the function of the follicular thyroid cells and eventually destroy them. [Pg.324]

Radioactive Iodine. A radioactive isotope of io-dine(131I) is often used to selectively destroy thyroid... [Pg.463]

Radioimmunotherapy or monoclonal antibody-mediated radioimmunotherapy is a process that couples an antibody to a radioactive isotope to enhance its tumoricidal activity. The long-range 0-emitters rhenium-90Y and -188 have now replaced iodine-131 as isotopes. [Pg.494]

For example, it was demonstrated by such methods that phosphorus assimilated from the soil by tomato plants tends to concentrate in the stems and certain parts of the leaves. Similarly, radioactive zinc was used to show that this element localizes in the seeds of tomatoes. The rate of absorption of iodine by the thyroid gland was established by the use of radioactive iodine this and related work did much to add to the understanding of the diagnosis and treatment of goiter. These and many similar uses of radioactive isotopes show that these substances have been of inestimable value in the study of the mechanism of chemical reactions, problems relating to plant and animal metabolism, and the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. [Pg.644]

Drugs used in cancer chemotherapy are cytotoxic drugs, hormones, plant derivatives, radioactive isotopes, and miscellaneous agents (e.g., procarbazine, hydroxyurea, mitotane). The plant-based drugs vincristine, vinblastine, vinorel-bine, etoposide, and campothecins. Radioactive isotopes, such as 131 iodine (131 I), are used in the treatment of thyroid tumors. Cytotoxic drugs (e.g., cis-platin, cyclophosphamide, 6-mercaptopurine, 5-fluorouracil, and methotrexate are used for the treatment of cancer. [Pg.287]

Commonly used radiopharmaceuticals are carbon 14 (ti/2 30 years), cobalt 57 (ti/2 271 days), cobalt-58 (ti/2 70.8 days), gold-198 (ti/2 2.7 days), iodine-123 (ti/2 12.3 hours), iodine-125 O1/2 60 hours), iodine-131 (ti/2 8.04 days), and tritium (ti/2 12.3 years). The iodine radioisotope is used to study thyroid function and is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism and thyroid carcinoma. Various monoclonal antibodies labeled with iodine-171 are used for the detection of malignant neoplasms. Genetic damage is a dangerous side effect of radioactive isotopes prior to and during the reproductive period. Exposure to large doses leads to leukopenia, anemia, skin inflammation, radiation sickness, and neoplasm. [Pg.307]

The neutral isotope of iodine is an essential element in the human body most of the iodine-127 is located in the thyroid gland. Iodine s radioactive isotope, iodine-131, is readily absorbed in the body, where it becomes concentrated in the thyroid gland and may produce cancers. Exposure to radioactive iodine is an increasing concern since it is produced by fission reactions in nuclear reactors and by nuclear weapons tests. [Pg.374]

Sample Iodine-131, a radioactive isotope of iodine, has a half-life of 8.07 days. A lab worker discovers that a sample of iodine-131 has been sitting on a shelf for 7 days. What fraction of the original nuclei is still present after 7 days ... [Pg.97]

A radioactive isotope (radioisotope) is an unstable isotope of an element that decays into a more stable isotope of the same element. They are of great use in medicine as tracers (to help monitor particular atoms in chemical and biological reactions) for the purpose of diagnosis (such as imaging) and treatment. Iodine (-131 and -123) and Technetium-99 are used for their short half-lives. [Pg.127]

Radioimmunoassay (RIA) These assays rely on the use of radiolabels. Typically, antigen is labelled using a radioactive isotope, for example iodine-125 ( 1), and radioactivity (radiation emitted from tube) is measured using an appropriate counter (in this case a y radiation counter). This major technique and some applications are covered in more detail later. [Pg.207]


See other pages where Radioactive isotopes iodine is mentioned: [Pg.367]    [Pg.367]    [Pg.367]    [Pg.367]    [Pg.437]    [Pg.516]    [Pg.207]    [Pg.546]    [Pg.458]    [Pg.486]    [Pg.43]    [Pg.256]    [Pg.845]    [Pg.254]    [Pg.221]    [Pg.173]    [Pg.2]    [Pg.858]    [Pg.119]    [Pg.35]    [Pg.343]    [Pg.235]    [Pg.338]    [Pg.307]    [Pg.62]    [Pg.186]    [Pg.369]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.801 , Pg.802 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.801 , Pg.802 ]




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