Radioactive isotopes of iodine

Many artificial (likely radioactive) isotopes can be created through nuclear reactions. Radioactive isotopes of iodine are used in medicine, while isotopes of plutonium are used in making atomic bombs. In many analytical applications, the ratio of occurrence of the isotopes is important. For example, it may be important to know the exact ratio of the abundances (relative amounts) of the isotopes 1, 2, and 3 in hydrogen. Such knowledge can be obtained through a mass spectrometric measurement of the isotope abundance ratio. 

Radioactive ions, removal of, 14 423 Radioactive isotopes of iodine, 14 373... 

Iodine is an essential nutrient element required for thyroid gland. It is added to salt and to animal feeds for the prevention of goiter. In medicine it is used as a therapeutic reagent for the treatment of various thyroid-related diseases. It also is used as an antiseptic. Radioactive isotopes of iodine are used for treating thyroid cancer, heart diseases including tachycardia, and as a tracer for diagnosing certain diseases. 

III.b.1.6. Radioactive iodine. Radioactive iodine (Iodine-131) is a radioactive isotope of iodine, usually taken in an oral solution formulation as sodium 1. Given orally as sodium I, radioactive iodine is rapidly absorbed, concentrated and stored in the thyroid follicles. The therapeutic effect depends on beta-ray emission and destruction of thyroid parenchyma manifests some weeks after treatment. It is relatively safe, cheap, painless and avoids side effects associated with surgery. It is widely regarded as the treatment of choice in adults with toxic multinodular goiter, toxic nodule and people who relapse after a course of antithyroid medication. 

Madelmont and Veyre have reported the preparation of (206) from cyanuric chloride (75MI22002). The compound is valuable in the dynamic exploration of the lymphatic system, when it is prepared using radioactive isotopes of iodine. 2,4-Dichloro-l,3,5-triazines containing a secondary amino group with a vinylic substituent have promise in binding dental resins to biological tissues. The chlorines react with the dentine tooth enamel whilst the vinyl moiety bonds to the resin (75GEP2630745). 

II The radioactive isotopes of iodine, by contrast, are both y emitters, providing a... 

Radioactive isotopes of iodine are handled by the thyroid in the same way as stable iodine and are therefore actively concentrated, incorporated into thyroglobulin, stored, metabolized, and secreted as thyroid hormones. Small amounts of radioactive iodine are therefore ideal probes to analyse the uptake of iodine, the distribution of iodine in the gland, and possibly even its turnover and incorporation into thyroid hormones. Larger amounts of radioactive iodine selectively radiate the thyroid gland and therefore selectively impair the function of the follicular thyroid cells and eventually destroy them. 

Sample Iodine-131, a radioactive isotope of iodine, has a half-life of 8.07 days. A lab worker discovers that a sample of iodine-131 has been sitting on a shelf for 7 days. What fraction of the original nuclei is still present after 7 days ... 

Radioactive isotopes have the same chemical properties as the nonradioactive isotopes of the same element. Because they undergo the same chemical reactions, radioactive atoms are often used as tracers to determine what ordinary atoms are doing. For example, to detect problems in the human thyroid gland, physicians often presCTibe iodine that includes a tiny fraction of 53 , a radioactive isotope of iodine. The body should utilize all the iodine in the thyroid gland. With a Geiger counter, the physician can follow the path of the radioactive isotope. If the radioactive iodine is not absorbed by the thyroid, then the regular iodine has not been absorbed either, and the physician has confirmed that a certain problem exists. 

Iodine Isotope. There are many radioactive isotopes of iodine. Four are commercially available. For most purposes, one of these, I, is the most useful because it has a reasonable half-life (60 days), it decays to a stable isotope, and it decays by an electron capture process that results in a cascade of low energy electrons and the emission of X-rays and y-rays. 

Forty-three radioactive isotopes of iodine have been made artificially. A radioactive isotope is one that breaks apart and gives off some form of radiation. Radioactive isotopes are produced when very small particles are fired at atoms. These particles stick in the atoms and make them radioactive. 

Many artificial (likely radioactive) isotopes can be created through nuclear reactions. Radioactive isotopes of iodine are used in medicine, while isotopes of plutonium are used in making atomic bombs. 

The study of the thyroid hormones was greatly facilitated when radioactive isotopes of iodine became available. Using I it was soon con6rmed (576, 612, 665, 666) that activity administered as iodide was converted in the thyroid to diiodotyrosine and then thyroxine. 

Radio Immunoassay is an indirect immunological method in which radioactive isotopes of iodine - I, I or tritium are used as markers. 

A radioactive isotope of iodine is used to diagnose and treat disorders of the thyroid gland. 

Radioactive isotopes of iodine mRNA Messenger ribonucleic acid... 

Table 46.4 Nuclear reactions and production model of most often used radioactive Isotopes of Iodine...

I. Pharmacology. Iodine-131 is a product of fission reactions and is likely to be a major form of internal radioactive contamination following a major nuclear reactor accident or weapon detonation. Potassium iodide (Kl) serves to block thyroid gland uptake of the radioactive isotopes of iodine (to prevent thyroid cancer) by both diluting the radioactive iodine as well as filling the gland with nontoxic iodine, effecting inhibition of further uptake. For optimal protection, Kl should be administered before or at the time of exposure to inhaled radioactive iodines however, Kl may be initiated up to 3 or 4 hours after exposure. If the exposure to radioactive iodines persists, then even later administration may be of benefit. 

II. Indications. Potassium iodide is indloated for prevention of uptake of radioactive isotopes of iodine by the thyroid gland therefore, when a public health emergency has occurred where sufficient exposure to radioactive iodine is likely, potassium iodide is indicated. Note Kl should only be used when and if directed by federal, state, or local public health officials. 

This unique property of the thyroid gland, the ability to concentrate iodide from the circulation, constitutes the first stage in the fixation of iodide by the thyroid. The mechanism of this concentration is still unknown, although a considerable amount of work has been done on it, especially since the radioactive isotope of iodine, I, became available. 

After Enrico Fermi (Fig. 6.24) had described in 1934 the first radioactive isotope of iodine, 1, it became possible to explore the biosynthesis of thyroxine. For the first time, radioiodine enabled as a theranostic agent the diagnosis of thyroid cancer by autoradiography and also its radiologic treatment (Fig. 6.25). 

Another, as yet unsolved, problem is how to pinpoint the time of a particular spill, since the effects of weathering are extremely variable and depend on the microclimatic conditions to which a sample has been subjected. The use of two radioactive isotopes of iodine in known ratios to label cargoes has been proposed to resolve this problem, but this solution, although elegant from a purely scientific point of view, is as bad, environmentally, as the original problem and the method has never been adopted on a large scale. 

The thyroid gland is an organ often studied with the help of radiotracers. Suitable tracers are the radioactive isotopes of iodine, and as well as 99mTc04. Hyperthyroidism is indicated by enlargement of the thyroid, and hypothyroidism can be detected as a decreased uptake of the tracer. A heterogeneous tracer distribution also indicates an abnormality of the thyroid. 

Radioactive isotopes of iodine have played a major role in nuclear medicine and a great deal of work has been reported with regard to radioiodination of various biological molecules. Three isotopes of iodine that are in common use are and Two other isotopes of iodine,... 

The Chart of Nuclides summarizes 33 radioactive isotopes of iodine (Pfennig et al. 2006). Four of these isotopes, namely and are currently applied in the field of life science,... 

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