Investigative cell test

The history of the investigative cell test is shown in Table III. Most of the apparent losses in the capacity of the electrode and the coulombic efficiency of the cell observed after the 500th cycle were restored by replacing the lithium electrode and electrolyte. Since the apparent capacity loss was only temporary, it was concluded that it could not be attributed to changes in the structure of the active material or the electrode case. The most probable cause of reduced storage capacity and coulombic efficiency was the generation of finely dispersed lithium at the anode and the oxidation of these lithium droplets on the cathode surface. Insertion... 

Van Paassen [57,67] reported a synergistic decrease of the skin and eye irritation level of sodium lauryl ether sulfate by combination with lauryl ether carboxylates. The investigations have been carried out using the Draize eye irritation test and human patch test (Tables 13 and 14). Furthermore, measurements by in vitro methods, the Zein test, and the red blood cell test show low to no irritancy [251-253]. 

This refers to the transport across the epithelial cells, which can occur by passive diffusion, carrier-mediated transport, and/or endocytic processes (e.g., transcytosis). Traditionally, the transcellular route of nasal mucosa has been simply viewed as primarily crossing the lipoidal barrier, in which the absorption of a drug is determined by the magnitude of its partition coefficient and molecular size. However, several investigators have reported the lack of linear correlation between penetrant lipophilicity and permeability [9], which implies that cell membranes of nasal epithelium cannot be regarded as a simple lipoidal barrier. Recently, compounds whose transport could not be fully explained by passive simple diffusion have been investigated to test if they could be utilized as specific substrates for various transporters which have been identified in the... 

Artificial cell-free systems have been investigated, to test models of photosynthetic production of H2. Benemann et al. (1973) demonstrated that it was possible to produce H2 and O2 by combining chloroplasts from green plants and bacterial hydrogenase, with ferredoxin as the intermediate electron carrier ... 

Bruch J, Rehn B, Song W, et al Toxicological investigations on silicon carbide. 2. In vitro cell tests and long term injection tests. BrJlndMed 50 807-813, 1993... 

In this paper, the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of organic compounds from sand spiked with 36 nitroaromatic compounds, 19 haloethers, and 42 organochlorine pesticides, and from a standard reference material certified for 13 polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), dibenzofuran, and pentachlorophenol was examined using a two- and a four-vessel extractor. Although the results achieved by SFE for the sand and the standard reference soil samples were very encouraging, previous data obtained in our laboratory on the standard reference soil and a few other standard reference marine sediments were less favorable. It was therefore decided that an investigation of seven variables for their influence on the analyte recoveries from the standard soil sample would be useful. Two tests were conducted in which these variables were investigated. In Test 1, the seven variables selected were pressure, temperature, moisture content, cell volume, sample size, extraction time, and modifier volume. In Test 2, the seven variables were pressure, temperature, volume of toluene added to the matrix, volume of solvent in the collection vessel,... 

If possible, the investigator should test for ligand substitution by collecting some small subset of the diffraction data from the derivatized crystal and comparing it with the native diffraction pattern. From this it is usually possible to determine if the unit cell dimensions are the same as for native crystals, and if other criteria for isomorphism have been met. Calculation of an R factor between the two data sets based only on a subset of reflections can furthermore give some quantitative indication of the degree of ligand substitution. 

B. Sundholm, G. Sundholm, F. Jacobsson, P. Confocal raman spectroscopic investigations of fuel cell tested sulfonated styrene grafted poly (vinylidene fluoride) membranes. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2002, 149 (2), A206-A211. 

As described above, SDB and SDC showed interesting biological effects, i.e., inhibitory effects on cell proliferation, replication of HSV-1, H+,K+-ATPase and PTH-stimulated bone resorption. In order to evaluate further these ditepenoids as medicinal agents, some structure-activity relationships were investigated. The test samples were obtained mainly by chemical modification of SDB and SDC. Some synthetic intermediates obtained in the total synthesis of SDA and SDB by Overman et al. were also tested. Structures of the test samples are shown in Fig. (7) and Table 12. 

The first cathodic peak most probably results from the sulfur reduction. This is suggested by the similar results of this investigation and previous electrochemical studies (14) where the initial electroactive species was sulfur and by results from lithium-sulfur cell tests where sulfur is known to form from the electrochemical oxidation of Li2S. 

Two long-term tests have been performed with copper sulfide electrodes, one in a small investigative cell of the type shown in Figure 1, the other in a sealed 25-W-hr cell which will be described later. The starting active material in both cells was CuS. In both cases, the lithium electrodes consisted of porous metal plates impregnated with molten lithium metal. The electrolyte was the LiCl-KCl eutectic salt mixture, saturated with Li2S and maintained at 380-400°C. 

The history of the 25-W-hr cell, also shown in Table III, is similar to that of the investigative cell. Diminished capacity after 225 cycles was restored by lithium electrode replacement. As in the previous test, the lithium electrode was not capacity-limiting prior to its replacement. Unlike the investigative cell, however, electrolyte replacement was not attempted, and it is not known whether the coulombic efficiency could have been improved by this procedure. 

Began investigation into rapid-forming techniques Began fuel cell testing at UTC Fuel Cells... 

Continue material development efforts for improved material properties and reduced raw materials Continue rapid-forming investigations Continue fuel cell testing... 

The electrode-electrolyte assembly was investigated in a single cell test station. After installing the MEA in the fuel cell housing, water was supplied to the anode and cathode backing layers and the cell was warmed-up step-wise from room temperature to 145°C. The polarization curves obtained for the fuel cells equipped with the Nafion-silica and Nafion-silica-PWA membranes, under same conditions in presence of oxygen feed at cathode and 2M methanol solution at anode, are reported in Fig. 6. 

Willis, P. B. Baum, B. "Investigation of Test Ifethods, Material Properties, and Processes for Solar Cell Encapsu-lants" DOE/JPL-954527-79-10 Sprlngborn Laboratories, Inc. Enfield, CT, 1979. 

Fuel cell performance of the composite LSM-YSZ/YSZ/Ni-YSZ cell was investigated using forming gas (10 vol% H2 in N2) as the fuel (Figure 3-25). The results showed that a maximum power density of about 0.26 W cm2 as obtained at a temperature of 850°C. The temperature dependence of the area specific resistances of the asymmetrical cell is shown in Figure 3-26. The electrode overpotential was estimated to 0.3 Q cm2 at 800°C, which is the total of anode and cathode overpotential. It appeared that about half of the overpotential originated from the anode, because the cathode overpotential determined from the symmetrical cell test was found to be about 0.14 Q cm2 at 800°C. The performance of the cell was mainly limited by the electrolyte resistance. The decrease in the electrolyte thickness would decrease electrolyte resistance. It can be concluded that the net shape technology can be successfully applied for the fabrication of cathode and anode electrodes. 

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