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Administration routes intravenous

Cobalamin should be adininistered parenteraHy by the intramuscular or subcutaneous route. Isolated cases of anaphylaxis have been reported with intravenous administration. [Pg.112]

Area under the Curve (AUC) refers to the area under the curve in a plasma concentration-time curve. It is directly proportional to the amount of drug which has appeared in the blood ( central compartment ), irrespective of the route of administration and the rate at which the drug enters. The bioavailability of an orally administered drug can be determined by comparing the AUCs following oral and intravenous administration. [Pg.218]

Intravenous administration of a drug produces the most rapid drug action. Next in order of time of action is the intramuscular route, followed by the subcutaneous route Giving a drug orally usually produces the slowest drug action. [Pg.12]

BARBITURATES. The barbiturate phenobarbital (Luminal) is commonly used to treat convulsive disorders. When administering the barbiturates by the intravenous (IV) route, it is important not to exceed a rate of 60 mg/min and to administer the drug within 30 minutes of preparation. The nurse monitors the patient carefully during administration of a barbiturate. The blood pressure and respirations are taken frequently. Resuscitation equipment and artificial ventilation equipment are kept nearby. [Pg.260]

Intravenous administration of endosulfan (7 3 ratio of a- and P-isomers) in rabbits produced slower elimination of the a-isomer (Gupta and Ehrnebo 1979). Excretion of the two isomers occurred primarily via the urine (29%) with much less excreted via the feces (2%). Given the earlier evidence in rats and mice describing the principal route of elimination of endosulfan and its metabolite to be via the feces, the differences in the excretion pattern in this study may be attributable to differences in exposure routes, to species differences, or to both. Nevertheless, studies in laboratory animals suggest that both renal and hepatic excretory routes are important in eliminating endosulfan from the body. Elimination of small doses is essentially complete within a few days. [Pg.136]

Subcutaneous (SC) administration of ESA produces a more predictable and sustained response than IV administration, and is therefore the preferred route of administration for both agents. Intravenous administration is often utilized in patients who have established IV access or are receiving hemodialysis. Starting doses of ESAs depend on the patient s Hgb level, the target Hgb level, the rate of Hgb increase and clinical circumstances.31 The initial increase in Hgb should be 1-2 g/dL (0.6206-1.2404 mmol/L) per month. The starting doses of epoetin alfa previously recommended are 80 to 120 units/kg per week for SC administration and 120 to 180 units/kg per week for IV administration, divided two to three times per week. The starting dose of darbepoetin alfa is 0.45 mcg/kg administered SC or IV once weekly (Table 23-3). [Pg.386]

Immediate administration of 100 meg to 1 mg vitamin K subcutaneously or intravenously, followed by administration of FFP as necessary. Vitamin K administration via the intramuscular route may induce hematoma owing to coagulopathy, and intravenous administration should be slow because it has been associated with anaphylaxis. Prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) at minimum dose of 50 units/kg should be given for life-threatening bleeding.27,28... [Pg.998]

O Parenteral nutrition (PN), also called total parenteral nutrition (TPN), is the intravenous administration of fluids, macronutrients, electrolytes, vitamins, and trace elements for the purpose of weight maintenance or gain, to preserve or replete lean body mass and visceral proteins, and to support anabolism and nitrogen balance when the oral/enteral route is not feasible or adequate. [Pg.1493]

Due to particle sizes in the micrometer range, parenteral suspensions are generally limited to either subcutaneous or intramuscular routes of administration. However, ultrafine suspensions can be approached by high-pressure homogenization [200]. The particle size obtained from this technique is in the 100 500 nm range, thus intravenous administration is possible [201]. General information on parenteral formulations is given in Chapter 12. [Pg.278]

These findings suggest that CNT exposure should be evaluated as a potential cardiovascular risk factor. It should be noted, however, that no thrombosis or other adverse effects on the cardiovascular homeostasis were reported after intravenous injection in healthy animals, when this administration route was used for investigating the biokinetics of CNTs [119-126]. [Pg.194]

Yoshimura et al. [132] studied the pharmacokinetics of primaquine in calves of 180—300 kg live weight. The drug was injected at 0.29 mg/kg (0.51 mg/kg as primaquine diphosphate) intravenously or subcutaneously and the plasma concentrations of primaquine and its metabolite carboxyprimaquine were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The extrapolated concentration of primaquine at zero time after the intravenous administration was 0.5 0.48 pg/mL which decreased with an elimination half-life of 0.16 0.07 h. Primaquine was rapidly converted to carboxyprimaquine after either route of administration. The peak concentration of carboxyprimaquine was 0.5 0.08 pg/mL at 1.67 0.15 h after intravenous administration. The corresponding value was 0.47 0.07 pg/mL at 5.05 1.2 h after subcutaneous administration. The elimination half-lives of carboxyprimaquine after intravenous and subcutaneous administration were 15.06 0.99 h and 12.26 3.6 h, respectively. [Pg.199]

Lethal dose, intravenous injection route (Smalley 1973) Lethal dose, intraperitoneal injection route (Smalley 1973) Lethal dose, oral administration route (Smalley 1973) Lethal dose, dermal route (Smalley 1973)... [Pg.1177]

In general, intraperitoneal and intravenous injections were the most sensitive administration routes (Bauer 1983). LD50 dermal values, however, are often not true percutaneous values because of oral contamination from normal grooming (Summers 1980). Aerosol exposure to paraquat produced a concentration-dependent rapid, shallow breathing pattern in guinea pigs (Cavia sp.)... [Pg.1177]

The blood levels following oral and intravenous doses are very low in all animal species. This, most likely, is due to the marked affinity of the drug for various tissues and the rapid hepatic extraction of the absorbed fraction. The main route of excretion is the bile. Less than 5 % of the dose are recovered in the urine of intact animals after oral or intravenous administration. [Pg.67]

Peak plasma levels are reached about 1.5 h after oral ingestion, the maximum concentrations being in the order of 2 - 3 ng equivalents/ml (parent drug + metabolites) for an oral 1 mg dose. The elimination from the plasma is biphasic and proceeds with mean half-lives of 6 h (a-phase) and 50 h ((3-phase). Similar elimination half-lives are obtained from the urinary excretion. The cumulative renal excretion is practically the same after oral and intravenous administration and amounts to 6 - 7 % of the radioactivity dosed. The main portion of the dose, either oral or intravenous, is eliminated by the biliary route into the faeces. The kinetics of bromocriptine has been demonstrated to be linear in the oral dose range from 2.5 to 7.5 mg. [Pg.68]

DTPA-SWNTs or DTPA-MWNTs labelled with111 In (0.06 or 0.4mg/ mouse) Female BALB/c mice Intravenous administration 30 min, 3h, and No toxic side effects, accumulation, or 24 h mortalities were observed. CNTs were removed from systemic blood circulation though the renal excretion route Singh et al. (2006)... [Pg.306]

With the exception of intravenous administration, where a drug is injected directly into the bloodstream, all the routes of administration require the drug to be absorbed before it can enter the bloodstream for distribution to target sites. Metabolism may precede distribution to the site of action, for example, in the case of oral administration. The human body also has a clearance process to eliminate drugs through excretion. We will now consider absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion with reference to Fig. 5.5. [Pg.143]

Intravenous Administration When a drug is injected, the entire dose can be considered as being available in the bloodstream to be distributed to the target site. Hence, the dosage can be controlled, unlike with other routes of administration, where the bioavailability of the drug may be unpredictable because of diffusion processes. Intravenous injection is the normal route for administration of protein-based drugs, as they are likely to be destroyed if taken orally because of the pH conditions in the gastrointestinal tract. [Pg.149]


See other pages where Administration routes intravenous is mentioned: [Pg.126]    [Pg.561]    [Pg.126]    [Pg.561]    [Pg.12]    [Pg.48]    [Pg.596]    [Pg.125]    [Pg.190]    [Pg.92]    [Pg.181]    [Pg.324]    [Pg.532]    [Pg.826]    [Pg.1494]    [Pg.130]    [Pg.131]    [Pg.132]    [Pg.132]    [Pg.137]    [Pg.389]    [Pg.504]    [Pg.546]    [Pg.195]    [Pg.196]    [Pg.44]    [Pg.810]    [Pg.185]    [Pg.123]    [Pg.1384]    [Pg.472]    [Pg.42]    [Pg.71]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.18 ]




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