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Intracranial inflammatory

Q7 The mechanisms which trigger migraine remain controversial. The underlying pathophysiology could be due to vasoconstriction of the cerebral arteries, causing transient ischaemia. This would be followed by compensatory vasodilation of the cerebral blood vessels to protect the ischaemic areas. This vasodilation may lead to an increase in intracranial pressure, which causes a severe headache. These events may be followed by changes in nerve activity and neurotransmitter levels. Inflammatory components are also likely to be involved in the pathology of this condition. [Pg.137]

Neurological involvement in Behcet s disease may be subclassified into two major forms a vascular-inflammatory process with focal or multifocal parenchymal involvement and a cerebral venous sinus thrombosis with intracranial hypertension. The vasculitis and meningitis may affect cerebral arteries, particularly in the posterior circulation, to cause ischemic stroke and possibly intracranial hemorrhage (Farah et al. 1998 Krespi et al 2001 Siva et al. 2004 Borhani Haghighi et al. 2005). [Pg.73]

Giant cell arteritis (or other inflammatory vascular disorders) (Ch. 6) Structural intracranial lesion (Chs. 8 and 9) intracranial venous thrombosis (Ch. 29)... [Pg.124]

Herber DL, Mercer M, Roth LM, Symmonds K, Maloney J, Wilson N (2007) Microglial activation is required for Abeta clearance after intracranial injection of Upopolysaccharide in APP transgenic mice. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2 222-231 Hide T, Takezaki T, Nakamura H, Kuratsu J, Kondo T (2008) Brain tumor stem cells as research and treatment targets. Brain Tumor Pathol 25 67-72 Hill JM, Zhao Y, Qement C, Neumann DM, Lukiw WJ (2009) HSV-1 infection of human brain cells induces miRNA-146a and Alzheimer-type inflammatory signaling. Neuroreport 20 1500-1505... [Pg.818]

Note OADRs = ocular adverse drug reactions CV = color vision VF = visual field VL = vision loss NFL = nerve fiber layer lOP = intraocular pressure NSAIDs = nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs TBUT = tear break-up time CL = contact lens IH = intracranial hypertension RD = retinal detachment NAION = nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy. [Pg.760]

Less invasive methods of delivering nonviral vectors to the CNS would be more desirable. Despite the minimal inflammatory profile of intracranial delivery of DNA-lipid complexes, the potential exists for surgery-induced adverse events, while the relatively limited volume of cUstribution obtained from stereo tac tic infusion makes the approach rather infeasible when attempting to treat cUseases that involve expansive regions of the brain. To that end, methodologies have been developed to enable the injection of mocUfied... [Pg.710]

Systemic or topical antimicrobial therapy (tetracycline, minocycline, erythromycin, at low dose) is used over months (response begins after 2 months). Bacterial resistance is not a problem benefit is due to suppression of bacterial lipolysis of sebum, which generates inflammatory fatty acids. Raised intracranial pressure with loss of vision has occurred with tetracycline used thus. [Pg.313]

Raised intracranial pressure due to cerebral oedema, e.g. in cerebral tumour or encephalitis (probably an anti-inflammatory effect which reduces vascular permeability and acts in 12-24 h) give dexamethasone 10 mg i.m. or i.v. (or equivalent) initially and then 4 mg 6-hourly by the appropriate route, reducing dose after 2-4 days and withdrawing over 5-7 days but much higher doses may be used in palliation of inoperable cerebral tumour. [Pg.674]

After subarachnoid hemorrhage vasospasm is a common complication that results from irritation of the intracranial vasculature by subarachnoid blood. Vasospasm may lead to delayed cerebral ischemia and ischemic strokes, up to several weeks after the initial hemorrhage. There is preliminary evidence that inflammation plays a role in vasospasm after subarachnoid hanorrhage (Nilupul Perera et al., 2006 Qatterbuck et al., 2003), and anti-inflammatory strategies have been shown to prevent vasospasm in experimental stroke models (Nilupul Perera et al., 2006). [Pg.437]

Adverse/Toxic Inflammatory bowel disease and pseudotumor cerebri (benign intracranial hypertension) have been associated with isotretinoin therapy. [Pg.319]

Intracranial injection of Gammagard, a human IVIg, modulates the inflammatory response of the brain and lowers Ap in APP/ PS1 mice along a different time course than anti-Ap antibodies. J Neurosci 33 9684-9692... [Pg.536]

Adverse effects of tetracyclines include resistant bacteria, folliculitis, candidiasis, gastrointestinal upset, and phototoxic effects. Tetracyclines must not be combined with systemic retinoids because of the increased probability for development of intracranial hypertension. Tetracycline is used in the treatment of moderate to severe acne vulgaris. It is the least expensive of the tetracyclines and therefore often prescribed for initial therapy. A common initial approach includes tetracycline 1 g daily (500 mg twice daily), 1 hour before meals after 1 or 2 months, when marked improvement of inflammatory lesions is observed, the dose may be decreased to 500 mg every day, for another 1 or 2 months. Drawbacks to the use of tetracycline include also a drug-food interaction with dairy prodncts. [Pg.1763]

Vasculitis affecting the central nervous system (CNS) represents a heterogeneous group of inflammatory diseases that may be idiopathic or associated with autoimmune diseases, infections, drug exposure, radiation, or cancer. Inflammatory cells invade vessel walls, and neuropeptide release increases vasomotor reactivity. These properties lead to vessel narrowing. There is also loss of normal endothelial anticoagulant properties and vessels have increased susceptibility to thrombosis. Consequently, patients with vasculitis develop ischemic and thrombotic infarctions. There is also altered wall competence, which can result in dissection or vessel wall disruption with intracranial hemorrhage. MRA is clinically used to screen for vasculitis, but is less sensitive than DSA (Fig. 6.20). One study of 14 patients with suspected vasculitis reported that MRA can detect distal stenoses in vasculitis with a... [Pg.139]


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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.174 ]




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