Internal transmission

To overcome the inherent difficulties of signal movement into proximity with the appropriate receptors, some intermediate mechanism is assumed. The most probable solution is to incorporate a VN-specific molecule of a similar constitution to the binding proteins found in the MOS. 

Any one sub-type of the OBPs appears to show affinity for a wide range of similar compounds. This could result from the structure of the odourant-binding site itself, where new odourant binding occurs by the displacement of one bound ligand by another (Bianchet, 1996). The general principle proposed is one odourant molecule for each monomer of carrier (PI. 3.IB). 

Closely related compounds, even enantiomers, may not show similar binding affinities. OBP1 specifically bound 2- H-3 -isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine, whereas OBP2 did not a derivative compound (2-isobutyl-3-methoxy-pyrazine) was unable to displace ligands from OBP-2 (Lobel et al., 1998). 

A source of Aphrodisin which is present in an alternate emission vehicle is that of female saliva. Self-grooming spreads the signal on flank fur and passive or active deposition may then leave traces during contact with burrow walls. The sebaceous flank glands being inconspicuous (and dimorphic) in the female do not play a significant role in advertising her presence. 

One of the best-studied carrier molecules is produced as a primary excretory constituent of the adult male mouse, known from its consistent high concentration as the major urinary protein (MUP). The basic 3-D structure of the protein was initially obtained from a monoclinic crystal of recombinant protein (MUP-I), constructed by induction in a bacterial expression system and purified to homogeneity (Kuser, 1990). A wild type version of MUP finally yielded to NMR analysis a clone of the r-isoform (162 residues) was labelled and compared with the crystal-structure (Lucke et al., 1990). Two views of the molecule 

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The term internal transmission density (0,) has been proposed. 

The proportion absorbed is called the absorbance (internal transmission density),... 

The samples used in PTIS measurements are, however, characterized by an effective optical thickness which can be much larger than their physical thickness because of internal reflections or scattering, or of their lateral dimensions. For relatively large impurity concentrations ( 1012cm-3), the internal transmission of a line can tend to zero in such samples, producing saturation effects which are not as obvious as in classical absorption spectroscopy. The result is an apparent FWHM larger than the FWHM measured at the same resolution by classical optical absorption [1,2]. 

The three parameters A, B, and C can also he determined from the dependence of the transmission of the resist film on the exposure dose. To do this, the internal transmission (T) of the film is expressed in the general form... 

Hydrophobic and hydrophilic bonded silicon wafers were studied by the methods of multiple internal reflection spectroscopy (MIR) and multiple internal transmission spectroscopy (MIT) [79, 81, 83, 84]. The sensitivity of the MIT configmation is 20-40 times higher than that of the traditional MIR configuration [81]. However, both of these techniques require beveled Si wafers. 

Figure 11 Light path of the IR beam within a bonded silicon wafer pair used in the multiple internal transmission method. The IR radiation is totally reflected at the outer Si/air surfaces and tunnels repeatedly through the bonding interface.

Figure 14.10 Calculated curves of Internal transmission T/To versus sheet resistance Rs for ITO and highly conductive PEDOT PSS (Clevios PH 500 + 5 % DMSO)...

Figure 10.2 Transmission curves of plates with thickness = 10 mm, for the most common optical materials bor-osilicate glass (BK7), fused silica (FS) and calcium fluoride (Cap2). Left external transmission (light reduced by the sum of internal loss tint = 1 lint) and the reflection loss Rat each surface) Right internal transmission. Note that the dips in the FS transmission curve correspond to OH absorption bands...

Material Refractive index (at 532 nm) Internal transmission range (nm) Thermal expansion coefficient (10- K )... 

Internal transmission measured for 25 mm sample thickness at wavelength X (nm)... 

Fig. 3.4-35 Spectral internal transmission of BK7, colored with various oxides sample thickness 100 mm...

Internal transmission of light through a crystal, assuming that s is negligibly small and that corrections have been made for reflection losses from external surfaces, follows the Beer-Lambert relation /, = /j exp(—alt) mentioned in Section II, A. Optical absorption in the visible generally occurs by the excitation of electrons on impurity atoms or on native defects. If the interactions between impurities are negligible, e.g., for low concentrations or where quantum-mechanical exchange interactions do not occur, then a is linearly proportional to the impurity concentration N ... 

A distinction should be made between total transmission and internal transmission because a fraction of the light passing through a plate is lost by reflection at the external surfaces of a slab of material. The irradiance of the reflected light is a complex function of the angle of incidence, 0j, and polarization and is presented in Refs. (4) and (10) and derived in the work by Heavens (12). For unpolarized light at normal (0 = 0) incidence, R is obtained from... 

Thin films with thickness values below 20 nm may be obtained on the polymer substrate by a traditional lift-off process, without the use of adhesion layers that limit optical performance. The maximum internal transmission measured at 4.2 nm deposition thicknesses and at 530 nm wavelengths was 75%. Surface characterization methods, such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, provide a better analysis of... 

The complex interplay of deregulation, globalization, and technological change increased the international transmission capacities and traffic volumes for fiber optics carriers explosively. Between 1988 and 2003, for example, trans-Atlantic fiber optic cable capacity increased from 43,750 voice paths to 45.1 billion (103,000%), while across the Pacific Ocean, cable carriers capacity rose from 1,800 voice paths to 1.87 billion (an astonishing 1.6 billion percent). 

A-max = wavelength of maximum internal transmission, and AA-hw = bandwidth at 50% internal transmission. 

The recent development of the Internal Transmission Line (INTLI) technology by Sairem should also be... 

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