Interferon synthesis

Interferon, in particular type I interferon, is well adapted to its antiviral function. Upon entry into the body, viral particles are likely to encounter IFN-a/p-producing cells quickly, including macrophages and monocytes. This prompts interferon synthesis and release. These cells act like... 

The presence of a certain number of amino acids is significant for the restitution of the immune system s cells, interferon synthesis process and other factors realization of the immune defense system. The decrease of full-form protein consumption is one of the causes of secondary immune-deficiency states. The significance of ascorbic acid presence for the immune system is supported by the fact that its concentration in the neutrophil granulocytes is 150 times higher than in the blood serum. The significance of retinol s and carotenoids role is supported in the cases of cell differentiation, where DNA synthesis increase, and proliferation decrease thus stabilizing the organism when under infection. 

Reichel, H. et al. (1987) la, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin Dj inhibits Y-interferon synthesis by normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes. 

Arce S, Nawar HF, Muehlinghaus G et al. In vitro induction of immunoglobulin A ( A)- and IgM-secreting plasma blasts by cholera toxin depends on T-ccll help and is mediated by CD154 up-rcgulation and inhibition of gamma interferon synthesis. Infect Immun 2007 75(3] 1413-1423. 

In clinical studies of Szmigielski (1982), P. granulosum KP-45 was shown to display immunomodulating, antineoplastic and antiviral effects, which were associated with the activation of monocyte-macrophage system, induction of interferon synthesis and/or activation of killer cells. Stimulation of interferon synthesis was also observed in human tissue cultures. The author suggested that these effects are mediated by the cell wall components, in particular, by peptidoglycans and teichoic acids. 

Wagner, R. R., and Huang, A. S., 1966, Inhibition of RNA and interferon synthesis in Krebs-2 cells infected with vesicular stomatitis virus. Virology 28 1. 

In their studies on the effect of VSV (Indiana serotype) on interferon synthesis, Wagner and Huang (1966) noted that the incorporation of [ HJthymidine into acid-precipitable material was drastically inhibited in VSV-infected compared to uninfected Krebs-2 ascites tumor cells. Yaoi and Amano (1970) infected chicken embryo... 

By 1987 we had substantial evidence that bryostatins 1 and 2 reacted in a synergistic fashion with recombinant B-cell stimulatory factor/inter-leukin 4 to stimulate resting T-cells to proliferate and differentiate into cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (62). At the same time interleukin-2 (IL-2) development of cytotoxicity was greatly enhanced (62, 63) suggesting that the bryostatins may allow the clinical dose of the hazardous recombinant IL-2 to be considerably reduced. In a related study concerned with the effects of bryostatin 1 on IL-2 and y-interferon synthesis by ionophore A23187 or mitogen-induced human blood lymphocytes we found the production of these two lymphokines to be increased 10-100 fold (63). Interestingly, bryostatin 1 was also found (64) to effectively block T-cell proliferation induced by a phorbol (PMA). 

DiaZepin Nucleosides. Four naturally occurring dia2epin nucleosides, coformycin (58), 2 -deoxycoformycin (59), adechlorin or 2 -chloro-2 -deoxycoformycin (60), and adecypenol (61), have been isolated (1—4,174,175). The biosynthesis of (59) and (60) have been reported to proceed from adenosine and C-1 of D-ribose (30,176,177). They are strong inhibitors of adenosine deaminase and AMP deaminase (178). Compound (58) protects adenosine and formycin (12) from deamination by adenosine deaminase. Advanced hairy cell leukemia has shown rapid response to (59) with or without a-or P-interferon treatment (179—187). In addition, (59) affects interleukin-2 production, receptor expression on human T-ceUs, DNA repair synthesis, immunosuppression, natural killer cell activity, and cytokine production (188—194). 

Chang, C.C., Konno, S., Wu, J.M. (1991). Enhanced expression of heat shock protein and mRNA synthesis by type I interferon in human HL-60 leukemic cells. Biochem Inti. 24, 369-377. 

Downing, J.F., Taylor, M.W., Wie, K.-M., Elizondo, R.S. (1987). In vivo hyperthermia enhances plasma antiviral activity and stimulates peripheral lymphocytes for increased synthesis of interferon gamma. J. Interferon Res. 7, 185-193. 

Nagata S, Taira H, Hall A, Johnsrud L, Streuli M, Ecsodi J, Boll W, CanteU K, Weissmann C (1980) Synthesis in E. coli of a polypeptide with human leukocyte interferon activity. Nature 284 316-320... 

Biber K, Zuurman MW, Dijkstra IM, Boddeke HW (2002) Chemokines in the brain neuroimmunology and beyond. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2 63-68 Blasko 1, Veerhuis R, Stampfer-Kountchev M, Saurwein-Teissl M, Eikelenboom P, Grubeck-Loebenstein B (2000) Costimulatory effects of interferon-gamma and interleukin-1 beta or tumor necrosis factor alpha on the synthesis of Abetal-40 and Abetal-42 by human astrocytes. Neurobiol Dis 7 682-689... 

Mouse peritoneal macrophages that have been activated to produce nitric oxide by 7-interferon and lipopolysac-charide were shown to oxidize LDL less readily than unactivated macrophages. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis in the same model was shown to enhance LDL oxidation (Jessup etal., 1992 Yates a al., 1992). It has recently been demonstrated that nitric oxide is able to inhibit lipid peroxidation directly within LDL (Ho etal., 1993c). Nitric oxide probably reacts with the propagating peroxyl radicals thus terminating the chain of lipid peroxidation. The rate constant for the reaction between nitric oxide and peroxyl radicals has recently been determined to be 1-3 X10 M" s (Padmaja and Huie, 1993). This... 

Anticancer and Interferon Agents Synthesis and Properties, edited by Raphael M. Ottenbrite and George B. Butler... 

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