Interface surface science

Bodlaki, D., Yamamoto, H., Waldeck, D. H. and Borguet, E. Ambient stability of chemically passivated germanium interfaces. Surface Science 543, 63-74 (2003). 

Tyagai, VA and Kolbasov, GY, The Contribution of Surface States to the Charge Transport Process Across CdS, CdSe-Electrolyte Interface, Surface Science, 28, 423, 1971. 

L.J. Brillson The Structure and Properties of Metal-Semiconductor Interfaces, Surface Science Reports 2, 145 (North-Holland, 1982)... 

Furtak, T.E., Kliewer, K.L, Lynch, D.W. (eds) (1980) Non-traditional approaches to the study of the solid-electrolyte interface. Surface, Science, 101. 

Malmsten, M. (Ed.), Biopolymers at Interfaces, Surface Science Series, vol. 75, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1998. 

Hirschmugl CJ (2002) Frontiers in infrared spectroscopy at surfaces and interfaces. Surface Science 500 577-604. 

Sugino, O., I. Hamada, M. Otani, Y. Morikawa, T. Dceshoji, and Y. Okamoto. 2007. First-principles molecular dynamics simulation of biased electrode/solution interface. Surface Science 601, no. 22 5237-5240. doi 10.1016/j.susc.2007.04.208. 

Yang, J.G., Yang, S.H., Okamoto, T., Bessho, T., Satake, S., Ichino, R. and Okido, M. (2005) Synthesis of copper monolayer and particles at aqueous-organic interface. Surface Science, 600,... 

Himpsel F.J., Electronic structure of semiconductor surfaces and interfaces. Surface Science, 1994 299/300 525-540, and references therein. 

H. van Olphen and K. J. Mysels, eds.. Physical Chemistry Enriching Topics from Colloid and Surface Science, Theorex (8327 La Jolla Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA), 1975. R. D. Void and M. J. Void, Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1983. 

The liquid-solid interface, which is the interface that is involved in many chemical and enviromnental applications, is described m section A 1.7.6. This interface is more complex than the solid-vacuum interface, and can only be probed by a limited number of experimental techniques. Thus, obtaining a fiindamental understanding of its properties represents a challenging frontier for surface science. 

Below are brief descriptions of some of the particle-surface interactions important in surface science. The descriptions are intended to provide a basic understanding of how surfaces are probed, as most of the infonuation that we have about surfaces was obtained tluough the use of techniques that are based on such interactions. The section is divided into some general categories, and the important physics of the interactions used for analysis are emphasized. All of these teclmiques are described in greater detail in subsequent sections of the encyclopaedia. Also, note that there are many more teclmiques than just those discussed here. These particular teclmiques were chosen not to be comprehensive, but instead to illustrate the kind of infonuation that can be obtained from surfaces and interfaces. 

One of tlie less explored frontiers in atomic-scale surface science is the study of the liquid-solid interface. 

Surface science studies of corrosion phenomena are excellent examples of in situ characterization of surface reactions. In particular, the investigation of corrosion reactions with STM is promising because not only can it be used to study solid-gas interfaces, but also solid-liquid interfaces. 

Ultra-high vacuum (UHV) surface science methods allow preparation and characterization of perfectly clean, well ordered surfaces of single crystalline materials. By preparing pairs of such surfaces it is possible to fonn interfaces under highly controlled conditions. Furthennore, thin films of adsorbed species can be produced and characterized using a wide variety of methods. Surface science methods have been coupled with UHV measurements of macroscopic friction forces. Such measurements have demonstrated that adsorbate film thicknesses of a few monolayers are sufficient to lubricate metal surfaces [12, 181. 

MEIS has proven to be a powerful and intuitive tool for the study of the composition and geometrical structure of surfaces and interfaces several layers below a surface. The fact that the technique is truly quantitative is all but unique in surface science. The use of very high resolution depth profiling, made possible by the high-resolution energy detectors in MEIS, will find increased applicability in many areas of materials science. With continued technical development, resulting in less costly instrumentation, the technique should become of even wider importance in the years to come. 

L. Leger, H. Hervet, P. Silberzan, D. Frot. Dynamics of polymer chains close to a solid wall. In D Beysens, ed. Dynamical Phenomena at Interfaces, Surfaces and Membranes. New York Nova Science, 1993, pp. 499-510. 

XM measures the changes occurring at the surfaces of a metal and water as the two phases are brought in contact to create an interface. In surface science concepts, Xm corresponds to the decrease in work function... 

Jaegermann, W. The Semiconductor/Electrolyte Interface A Surface Science Approach 30... 

The use of a heavy arsenal of surface science (XPS, UPS, STM, AES, TPD) and electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry, AC Impedance) techniques (Chapter 5) showed that Equations (12.2) and (12.3) simply reflect the formation of an overall neutral backspillover formed double layer at the metal/gas interface. It thus became obvious that electrochemical promotion is just catalysis in presence of a controllable double layer which affects the bonding strength, Eb, of reactants and intermediates frequently in the simple form ... 

Highly branched polymers play an increasingly important role in interface and surface sciences, since their distinctive chemical and physical properties can be used advantageously as functional surfaces and as interfacial materials. Due to their highly compact and globular shape, as well as their monodispersity, for... 

These measurements have verified that the work function of an electrode, emersed with the double layer intact, depends only on the electrode potential and not on the electrode material or the state of the electrode (oxidized or covered with submonolayer amounts of a metal) [20]. Work function measurements on emersed electrodes do not serve the same purpose as in surface science investigations of the solid vacuum interface. At the electrochemical interface, any change of the work function by adsorption is compensated by a rearrangement of the electrochemical double layer in order to keep the applied potential i.e. overall work function, constant. Work function measurements, however, could well be used as a probe for the quality of the emersion process. Provided the accuracy of the measurement is good enough, a combination of electrochemical and UPS measurements may lead to a determination of the components of equation (4). 

Lynch, I. et al. (2007) The nanoparticle-protein complex as a biological entity a complex fluids and surface science challenge forthe 21st century. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 134—135, 167-174. 

Kostarelos, K. (2003) Rational design and engineering of delivery systems for therapeutics biomedical exercises in colloid and surface science. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 106, 147-168. 

STS, both in situ and ex situ, is making a major impact in the areas of surface science and electrochemistry, particularly in the study of the semi-conductor/vacuum and semiconductor/electrolyte interfaces. 

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