Technology Files

Kittrell, C. 8c Feld, M.S. Catheter System for Imaging World Intellectual Property Organization Patent Cooperation Treaty International Application WO 89/02718 Assigned to Massachusetts Institute of Technology Filed in 1988. Priority Number US 100714 (1987). 

Berger, A.J. Brennan, I.I.I.J.F. Dasari, R.R. etal. Apparatus and Methods of Raman Spectroscopy for Analysis of Blood Gases and Analytes US 5,615,673 Assigned to Massachusetts Institute of Technology Filed in 1995. 

B1 assigned to Symyx Technologies filed October 3, 2000 and a continuation of the now abandoned application No. 09/215417 filed on December 18, 1998. 

Toyota (2011) Technology File Fuel Cell Vehicle, h44p //www.toyc4a-ftobal. com/innovation/environmental technology/ technology le/Juel ceU hyhrid.html (last accessed 29 April 2011). 

The different internal and external file formats make it necessary to have programs which convert one format into another. One of the first conversion programs for chemical structure information was Babel (around 1992). It supports almost 50 data formats for input and output of chemical structure information [61]. CLIFF is another file format converter based on the CACTVS technology and which supports nearly the same number of file formats [29]. In contrast to Babel, the program is more comprehensive it is able to convert chemical reaction information, and can calculate missing atom coordinates [29]. 

Aerosol-Based Direct Fluorination. A technology that works on Hter and half-Hter quantities has been introduced (40—42). This new aerosol technique, which functions on principles similar to LaMar direct fluorination (Fig. 5), uses fine aerosol particle surfaces rather than copper filings to maintain a high surface area for direct fluorination. The aerosol direct fluorination technique has been shown to be effective for the synthesis of bicycHc perfluorocarbon such as perfluoroadamantane, perfluoroketones, perfluoroethers, and highly branched perfluorocarbons. 

CAS/STlS[Interna.tiona.1. CAS/STN offers stmcture searchable files such as Registry, Beilstein, MARPAT, CASREACT, and Gmelin a variety of learning files, eg, LRegistry, LBeHstein, LMARPAT, and LCASREACT and software products such as STN Express for on-line stmcture and substmcture searching. Chemical Abstracts Service, a division of the American Chemical Society, has pubHshed Chemical Abstracts since 1907 and joindy operates STN International with EIZ Kadsmhe and the Japan Information Center of Science and Technology. 

A description or explanation of the background of the invention, N, may also be provided by the inventor. This background section discusses previous developments of inventors working in the same area of technology and may also Hst pubHcations or patents that have discussed these developments and predate the filing date of the patent appUcation. The background section may also point to deficiencies in the prior developments that the inventor intends to overcome. 

Patent laws provide for several stages in the life of an application for a patent on an invention. The pattern followed by patent laws in effect in most industrialized countries during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and still in effect in the United States in 1995, calls for the examination of all patent appHcations to certify that the claimed invention meets the national standards for novelty, usehilness, and inventiveness. The owner of the technology to be patented files appHcation papers that include a specification containing a description of the invention to be patented (called the disclosure) and claims defining the limits of the invention to be protected by the patent, a formal request for the issuance of a patent, and fees. Drawings of devices and apparatuses, electrical circuits, flow charts, etc, are an important part of the disclosures of most nonchemical and many chemical patents. 

Currently, there are about 197,500 entries in the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Crystal Data File. An exhaustive search takes about one minute. Unit cell parameters are very definitive. Usually only one or a few hits are found and the appropriate Hterature reference(s) are Hsted. If no hits are found, the stmcture has not been previously reported. 

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