Insulin controlled release

Ilium L, Farray NF, Fisher AN, et al. Hyaluronic acid ester microspheres as a nasal delivery system for insulin. ] Control Release 1994 29 133-141. 

Implantable Insulin Controlled Release Systems for Treating Diabetes Mellitus... 

K. Akiyoshi, S. Kobayashi, S. Shichibe, D. Mix, M. Baudys, S. W. Kim and J. Sunamoto, Self-assembled hydrogel nanoparticle of cholesterol-bearing pullulan as a carrier of protein drugs com-plexation and stabilization of insulin. /. Control. Release, 54,313-320 (1998). 

Insulin (molecular weight 7000) has been formulated in controlled release microbeads and pellets (135,136). A solvent evaporation micro-encapsulation procedure was used to produce microspheres with up to 20% by weight insulin. Solvent-casting techniques were used to prepare pellets. The investigations demonstrated that the PLA... 

Lin, S. Y., Ho, L. T., Chiou, H. L., Microencapsulation and controlled release of insulin from polylactic acid microcapsules. Biomater. Med. Devices Artif. Organs. 86, 187, 1985. 

Surini S, Akiyama H, Morishita M, Nagai T, Takayama K. Release phenomena of insulin from an implantable device composed of a polyion complex of chitosan and sodium hyaluronate. J Controlled Release 2003 90 291-301. 

G Albin, TA Horbett, BD Ratner. Glucose-sensitive membranes for controlled release of insulin. In J Kost, ed. Pulsed and Self-Regulated Drug Delivery. Boca Raton, FL CRC Press, 1990, pp 159-185. 

YH Bae, T Okano, SW Kim. Insulin permeation through thermosensitive hydrogels. J Controlled Release 9 271-279, 1989. 

Concerning drug delivery, electrically erodible polymer gels for controlled release of drugs have been prepared, and a measured release rate of insulin has been observed under electrical stimulus [69]. A suspension of zinc insulin in a mixed solution of poly(ethyloxazoline) and PMAA was formed into a gel by decreasing the pH of the suspension. The obtained complex gel with 0.5 wt% of insulin was attached to a woven platinum wire cathode which was 1 cm away from the anode and immersed in 0.9% saline solution. When a stepped function of electrical current of 5 mA was applied to the insulin-loaded gel matrix, insulin was released in a stepwise manner up to a release of 70%. The insulin rate measured was 0.10 mg/h. 

Shiino D, Murata Y, Kubo A et al (1995) Amine containing phenylboronic acid gel for glucose-responsive insulin release under physiological pH. J Control Release 37 269-276... 

Fig. 10. Controlled release of insulin in vitro from P(MAA-g-EG) microparticles simulated gastric fluid (pH = 1.2) for the first two hours and phosphate buffered saline solutions (pH = 6.8) for the remaining three hours at 37°C (243).

F. W. Merkus, N. G. Schipper, and J. C. Verhoef. The influence of absorption enhancers on intranasal insulin absorption in normal and diabetic subjects. J Control Release 41 69-75 (1996). 

J. Wang, Y. Tabata, and K. Morimoto. Aminated gelatin microspheres as a nasal delivery system for peptide drugs Evaluation of in vitro release and in vivo insulin absorption in rats. J Control Release 113 31-37 (2006). 

Makino K, Mack EJ, Okano T, Kim SW. A microcapsule self-regulating delivery system for insulin. J Controlled Release 1990 12 235-239. 

Kawashima, Y., Yamamoto, H., Takeuchi, H., Fujioka, S., and Hino, T. (1999). Pulmonary delivery of insulin with nebulized DL-lactide/glycolide copolymer (PLGA) nanospheres to prolong hypoglycemic effect. J. Controlled Release, 62, 279-287. 

Cui, F., Shi, K., Zhang, L., Tao, A., Kawashima, Y. (2006). Biodegradable nanoparticles loaded with insulin-phospholipid complex for oral delivery preparation, in vitro characterization and in vivo evaluation. Journal of Controlled Release, 114, 242-250. 

FIGURE 2.1 Changes in blood glucose level versus time profiles in type 1 diabetic rats following multiple oral administration of SS-ILP and subcutaneous insulin (only at the first dosing) (open square), insulin solution (open circles), and subcutaneous administration of insulin solution (closed circles). Insulin solution was used as control (open circles). The dose of insulin was 25 IU/kg (oral) and 0.1 IU/kg (subcutaneous) body weight. Each value represents mean SE (n — 5-10). Statistically significant difference from control p < 0.05 p < 0.01. (From Morishita, M. et al., J. Control. Release, 110, 587, 2006. With permission from Elsevier.)... 

FIGURE 2.3 Hypoglycemic effects of insulin administered rectally to rats in PEG base containing POE monostearate (Myrj 45, open triangles), POE (45) stearyl ether (Texofor A6, close triangles), POE (20) sorbitol monolaurate (Polysorbate 20, open circles), and POE 20-24 monocetyl ether (cetomacrogol 1000, closed circles). (From Touitou, E., J. Control. Release, 21, 139, 1992. With permission from Elsevier.)... 

Morishita, M., et al. 2006. Novel oral insulin delivery systems based on complexation polymer hydrogels Single and multiple administration studies in type 1 and 2 diabetic rats. J Control Release 110 587. 

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