Insulin, controlled release systems

Implantable Insulin Controlled Release Systems for Treating Diabetes Mellitus... 

K. Aiedeh, E. Gianas, I. Orienti, V. Zecchi, Chitosan microcapsules as controlled release systems for insulin, J. Microencapsulation 14 567-576 (1997). 

Ilium L, Farray NF, Fisher AN, et al. Hyaluronic acid ester microspheres as a nasal delivery system for insulin. ] Control Release 1994 29 133-141. 

In summary, the studies reported In this review provide 2 Important demonstrations (1) that In vitro release kinetics of macromolecules such as inulln from ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer matrices are Identical to their In vivo release kinetics, and (2) that zero-order release for macromolecules can be achieved for over 60 days using a hemisphere design. Further experimentation in these areas should provide Information that will be useful In the eventual design of controlled release systems for Insulin and other important bloactlve macromolecules. 

As a result of the shortcomings of current insulin therapy, much work has been directed toward developing polymeric controlled release systems that can be implanted or injected into the body to achieve glucose control in patients with diabetes. This chapter will review the history of such systems and will discuss ciurent technology and future trends for the sustained delivery of insulin for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Several media serving as carriers include synthetic absorbable polymers, biomolecules, and ceramics. 

Morishita, M., A. M. Lowman, et al. (2002). Elucidation of the mechanism of incorporation of insulin in controlled release systems based on complexation polymers. Journal of Controlled Release 81(1-2) 25-32. 

J. Wang, Y. Tabata, and K. Morimoto. Aminated gelatin microspheres as a nasal delivery system for peptide drugs Evaluation of in vitro release and in vivo insulin absorption in rats. J Control Release 113 31-37 (2006). 

Makino K, Mack EJ, Okano T, Kim SW. A microcapsule self-regulating delivery system for insulin. J Controlled Release 1990 12 235-239. 

Morishita, M., et al. 2006. Novel oral insulin delivery systems based on complexation polymer hydrogels Single and multiple administration studies in type 1 and 2 diabetic rats. J Control Release 110 587. 

Polylactic acid has been studied extensively for controlled release applications ranging from the oral delivery of simple drugs such as indomethacin9 to the parental administration of complex proteins such as insulin.10 Polylactic acid of different molecular weights has been studied as matrix material for parenteral administration. Seki et al.11 used polylactic acid 6000 and Smith and Hunneyball8 used polylactic acid 100,000 for the controlled delivery of drugs by the parenteral route. Several polylactic acid systems have been studied for the controlled... 

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