Insulin analogs

Insulin Analogs. At present, the only known ligands of the insulin receptors are insulin isotypes from different species and a number of synthetic analogs... 

Insulin is available as purified extracts from beef and pork pancreas and is biologically similar to human insulin. However, these animal source insulins are used less frequently today than in years past. They are being replaced by synthetic insulins, including human insulin or insulin analogy. 

Human insulin is derived from a biosynthetic process using strains of Escherichia coli (recombinant DNA, rDNA). Human insulin appears to cause fewer allergic reactions than does insulin obtained from animal sources. Insulin analogy, insulin lispro, and insulin aspart are newer forms of human insulin made by using recombinant DNA technology and are structurally similar to human insulin. 

A number of combination insulin products are available commercially. NPH is available in combinations of 70/30 and 50/50 with regular insulin. Two short-acting insulin analog mixtures are also available. Humalog Mix 75/25 contains 75% insulin lispro protamine suspension and 25% insulin lispro. Novolog Mix 70/30 contains 70% insulin aspart protamine suspension and 30% insulin aspart. The lispro and aspart insulin protamine suspensions were developed specifically for these mixture products and will not be commercially available separately. 

Premixed insulins Premixed insulin analogs Humalog Mix 75/25 (75% neu- Yes Vial, prefilled pen... 

AII insulins available in the United States are made by human recombinant DNA technology. An insulin analog is a modified human insulin molecule that imparts particular pharmacokinetic advantages. 

Glargine and detemir are long-acting peakless human insulin analogs that result in less nocturnal hypoglycemia than NPH insulin when given at bedtime. 

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adults. 3lf initial presentation with glucose >260 mg/dL in symptomatic patient, consider insulin or insulin analog as initial... 

Brange, J. Volund, A. Insulin analogs with improved pharmacokinetic profiles. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 1999, 35, 307-335. 

Another approach to the development of long-lasting insulin is illustrated in an experimental product known as insulin detemir. This insulin analog is produced by adding a fatty acid to the end of the B-chain, increasing its ability to bond to albumin in the blood. After this bonding occurs, the insulin is released at a slow and constant rate over a period of at least 24 hours. 

Reduction in postprandial glucose concentrations Pramlintide administered subcutaneously immediately prior to a meal reduced plasma glucose concentrations after the meal when used with regular insulin or rapid-acting insulin analogs. 

Mecfianism of Action A recombinant, soluble, long-acting insulin analog that binds to human albumin and provides slow absorption and a prolonged action. Therapeutic Effect Controls glucose levels in diabetic patients. 

W. L. Lee, B. Zinman (1998). From insulin to insulin analogs progress in the treatment of type... 

Lepore, M., S. Pampanelli, C. FanelU, F. Forcellati, L. Bartocci, A. Di Vincenzo, C. Cordoni, E. Costa, P. Brunetti, and G.B. Bolli, Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of subcutaneous injection of long-acting human insulin analog glargine, NPH insulin, and ultralente human insulin and continuous subcutaneous infusion of insulin lispro. Diabetes, 2000. 49(12) 2142-8. 

Mass production of human insulin and insulin analogs by recombinant DNA techniques is carried out by inserting the human or a modified human proinsulin gene into Escherichia coli or yeast and treating the extracted proinsulin to form the insulin or insulin analog molecules. 

Heinemann L et al Time action profile of the long-acting insulin analog insulin glargine (HOE901) in comparison with those of NPH insulin and placebo. Diabetes Care 2000 23 644. [PMID 10834424]... 

Plank 1 et al A double-blind, randomized, dose-response study investigating the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of the long-acting insulin analog detemir. Diabetes Care 2005 28 1107. [PMID 15855574]... 

LANTUS (insulin glargine) Sanofi-Aventis [.E. coft-expressed recombinant human insulin analog]... 

Units/mL human insulin analog suspension containing 70% insulin aspart protamine crystals and 30% soluble insulin... 

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