Transfer pipe

Vacuum tankers 11-15 uT Transfer piping, hoses, pumps... 

Galvanized steel Cooling tower components, fan blades and shrouds, transfer pipes, plumbing fixtures... 

Aluminum Heat exchanger tubing, transfer piping... 

Figure 4.16 Thick calcium carbonate deposits on condenser tube and copper transfer pipe. Note the stratification.

Wastage is pronounced in equipment contacting high-pH fluids. Chemical process equipment, heat exchangers, water-cooled process reactors, valving, transfer pipes, and heating and cooling systems are often affected. 

The negative system usually sucks on a cyclone and/or filter/receiver mounted above the receiving storage hopper or bin. Solids are usually sent down to the hopper with a rotary air lock feeder. Air is sucked into the transfer pipe or duct at the pickup end of the sy.stem. A variety of feeders can be used to introduce solids into the flowing air stream such as rotary air lock feeders, pan-type manifolds under rail car hoppers, paddle-type rail car unloaders, screw conveyors, etc. 

Wear is the removal of surface material by one of three mechanisms erosion, abrasion, or cavitation. Erosion is the removal of a polymer s surface by abrasive materials carried in a fluid medium. We see this type of wear in plastic pipes used to transport waterborne slurries of minerals in mining operations and in vacuum transfer pipes used to convey powders in a stream of air. Abrasion is the result of two surfaces sliding against each other. We commonly observe abrasion of polymers in the fabrics of our clothes and upholstery. Cavitative wear is caused by voids in a liquid medium collapsing against a surface. It is essentially an impact process. Cavitation is a relatively uncommon cause of wear in polymers. Pump impellers are one of the few applications where polymers must resist this type of wear. 

Pyridine is converted to a slurry of a dihydrobipyridyl by treatment with sodium in liquid ammonia at —33°C, then warming to 10°C to evaporate excess ammonia. The slurry was then transferred to a decomposition vessel (for subsequent aerobic oxidation to liberate bipyridyl), the transfer pipe being flushed through with cold dimethoxyethane. When warm solvent was used for this purpose on one occasion, oxidation proceeded so fast that ignition occurred. 

LNG was stored on site in a large insulated tank (see Fig. 4). Prior to a test the tank was either self-pressurized or pressurized with nitrogen gas, and some liquid is forced into 53 m of 25-cm-diameter pipe before the control valve. A small by-pass line around the control valve permitted LNG to enter the final 41 m of transfer piping in order to lower its temperature. Following the cool-down, the control valve was opened to allow liquid to flow and spill onto the surface of a small pond. The horizontal... 

The transfer of wet solid material from centrifuges or nutsches to dryers should occur either via dedicated transfer pipes or via a solid material tote bin system. 

Storage and handling of the propellants (CFCs and HFAs), types of filters, transfer piping, and storage tanks should be standardized. Any observations of the appearance of the propellants should be recorded. The supplier s specifications should be reviewed. 

Cleaning with organic solvents Early steps versus terminal steps Use of boilouts as a cleaning mechanism Hard-to-clean areas Transfer pipes and hoses Centrifuges Patch panels... 

There are areas in API equipment that are known to be difficult to clean. Some were mentioned in the previous section. Other difficult-to-clean areas are hoses, centrifuges, and chromatography columns. Along with transfer pipes, hoses, and patch panels, these constitute difficult-to-clean areas and should be the focus of any investigation as to the adequacy of cleaning in these types of facilities. 

It is beyond the scope of this chapter to describe in detail each method and its subtleties. Suffice it to say that there should be a logical choice of the sampling method for each particular situation. In many cases, the method of sampling will in fact be dictated by the equipment. Inaccessible equipment parts such as hoses and transfer pipes must be sampled by rinse sampling since representative surfaces cannot be reached by swabbing. In other cases, the residual material may not be removed by simple rinsing and will need to be swabbed in order to remove the residue from the equipment and onto the swab. 

This cylindrical, low-pressure, horizontal tank had a design rating of about 5 psig (0.3 bar). A steam coil heated this tank. The transfer line to the tank was steam traced and insulated to keep it clear, but the heat tracing and insulation system on the inlet transfer piping was less than ideal. The inlet piping had to be dismantled on several occasions to clear it because of solidification in the fine. (See Figure 6—18.) [7]... 

The heat transfer piping system is not simple. There were three reactors and the heat transfer system is used for both heating and cooling the reactor. The circulating fluid heats the reactor to several hundred degrees Fahrenheit to startup the reaction. Once the very exothermic reaction is under way, the circulating heat fluid removes heat from this reactor. (See Figure 8—1.)... 

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