Sampling clothing

Thermal comfort may be defined as "that condition of mind in which satisfaction is expressed with the thermal environment" (4). It is thus defined by a statistically vaUd sample of people under very specific and controlled conditions. No single environment is satisfactory for everybody, even if all wear identical clothing and perform the same activity. The comfort zone specified in ASHRAE Standard 55 (5) is based on 90% acceptance, or 10% dissatisfied. 

The wrinkle recovery angle provides a measure of the degree of chemical modification. This is calculated by blending a small sample and measuring the recovery to the flat configuration (180°). Whereas the untreated cotton recovers approximately 90°, the cross-linked cotton sample recovers 120—140°. If this is measured on dry fabric, it is termed conditional wrinkle recovery angle if on wet fabric, it is termed wet wrinkle recovery. At one point, wet wrinkle recovery was important, particularly in Europe. In the United States, the widespread use of clothes dryers has made conditional wrinkle recovery important. 

Nominal filter area approximately equal to ac tual area A representative sample Suitable choice of filter medium Operating conditions equal to those used in testing Normal cloth conditioning during testing and operation The scale-up factor on rate specifically does not allow for ... 

This was a problem to all the Allies but it was a Picatinny researcher who solved it. Thru patient burning of samples of cotton cloth, for burning time and amount of residual ash, he narrowed down the fabrics to a few good possibilities. Then he traveled to cotton mills in New England and the South to seek still better cloth. Finally a cotton fabric was developed as a suitable substitute for silk... 

A 250.-mg sample of carbon from a piece of cloth excavated from an ancient tomb in Nubia undergoes 1.50 X 10 disintegrations in 10.0 h. If a current 1.00-g sample of carbon shows 921 disintegrations per hour, how old is the piece of cloth ... 

Endosulfan and metabolites were observed in the urine of workers who had prepared and applied endosulfan for 2-5 hours either 1 day or 1 week prior to sampling, without using protective clothing or face mask (thus, exposure was probably both dermal and inhalation) (Vidal et al. 1998). Unchanged a-and P-endosulfan and endosulfan ether were the predominant chemicals excreted 1 day following exposure. One week after exposure, a-endosulfan was detected in urine of four of five workers, but P-endosulfan was detected in only one of five samples and endosulfan ether was not detected at all. Endosulfan sulfate was detected in only one of five samples at 1 week after exposure and in none of the four samples at 1 day postexposure. Endosulfan lactone was detected in one of four and one of five samples at 1 day and 1 week after exposure, respectively. 

Colors in a laboratory should be coordinated, just as in a home. If pre-finished work benches are to be installed, they might set the color scheme. While they are available in several colors or combination of colors, the choice is not unlimited. In one case, the laboratory operator was color blind, so his wife took over the job as decorator. First, she selected a two-color scheme for the work benches. Color chips in hand, she then chose a floor covering from a number of samples submitted. For the wall paint, she found a standard color of the recommended quality that harmonized with the cabinets. A few appropriate charts and a colorful cloth wall-hanging of pipes and valves completed the decor. The result received many favorable comments from visitors to the facility. 

Less commonly, environmental monitoring can extend also to the operators in the manufacturing area whose clothing, e.g. gloves or face masks, may be sampled in order to estimate the levels and types of organisms which may arise as product contaminants fiom those sources. 

Procedure 2 The culture medium was frozen at -18°C for 24 hr s. The precipitated polysaccharide was filtered through a cloth, washed as in Procedure 1 and dried (Sample 2). The filtrate was concentrated 10 fold on a rotation vacuum - evaporator at 45°C Then 96 % ethanol was added to the concentrated filtrate and the sample was kept overnight at 4°C. The precipitated polysaccharide was filtered, washed as in procedure 1, and dried (Sample 3)... 

Among the first dermal dosimeters used in exposure research were 4 x 4-in cellulose or gauze patches which were pinned to the outer and inner surfaces of clothing or vests which farm workers would wear during the application or re-entry phase of the smdy. These patches were easy to manufacture and when pinned to the shirt or pants of the worker made for an easily used dosimeter pad. The major advantage to the use of the patch to estimate worker exposure was this method s ability to differentiate the relative contributions of pesticide residues to different parts of the worker s body. This sampling technique in turn could lead to recommendations (i.e., the use of... 

After donning the outer dosimeter or clothing, the volunteer will then put on his/her socks and shoes. Usually clean, unworn socks are provided to avoid crosscontamination of the inner dosimeter with the socks from prior workdays. New shoes are also provided to the volunteer, again to avoid cross-contamination issues. On occasion, regular pre-worn shoes and socks may be used for the volunteer if crosscontamination of samples is not an issue. 

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