Instrumentation data acquisition

Otto s book on chemometrics [4] is a welcome recent text, that covers quite a range of topics but at a fairly introductory level. The book looks at computing in general in analytical chemistry including databases, and instrumental data acquisition. It does not deal with the multivariate or experimental design aspects in a great deal of detail but is a very clearly written introduction for the analytical chemist, by an outstanding educator. 

In principle tablet production systems have remained the same throughout the last century. However, major improvements in instrumentation, data acquisition, and analysis techniques have been made. Nowadays more sophisticated data acquisition and analysis techniques are available which facilitate and improve interpretation of tableting data. 

Automated instrument operation, communication with other instruments, data acquisition, processing, documentation, and management Compatible to other high-throughput technologies or processes Flexibility of the users to adapt the instrument to their specific needs Potential for further miniaturization and automation Reasonable costs (investment and running costs)... 

Connectivity and Instrument Control There are ready-to-use libraries for integrating stand-alone instruments, data acquisition devices, motion control and vision product, GPIB and RS232 devices and even PLCs to build a complete measurement and automation solution [5]. 

The LabVlEW program provides a graphical environment tor data acquisition from a variety of instruments, tor many different types of data analysis, and for sophisticated data presentatUm. The data-acquisition section of LabVlEW works in conjunction with the National Instruments Data Acquisition boards. Data can be acquired from plug-in boards, from USB det ices. and from Ethernet-based systems. LabVlEW allows the user to set up virtual instruments with from panels... 

Principles of process control Instrumentation Data acquisition/monitoring Servo control for injection molding Control of extrusion processes Blow molding/parison control SPC/SQC... 

The outlet gas oxygen content, operating temperature, and cell voltage and current data were fed to a National Instruments data acquisition unit and recorded once a second by a Labview computer program. 

To cany out dual dynamic voltammetry experiments a computer-controlled multichannel electrochemical measming system is necessary. In the experimental setup described in [7,14-16] the basis of the system is formed by National Instruments data acquisition cards, combined with commercially available potentiostats and other laboratory devices, such as electrode rotating imits, quartz crystal microbalances, etc. Figure 2 shows the scheme of a typical experimental setup. 

NIST Cold Neutron Research Facility. NG3 and NG7 30-meter SANS Instruments Data Acquisition Manual, January 1999. 

Time Systems, McGraw-HiU, New York, 1985 Hawryszldewycs, Database Analysis and Design, Science Research Associates Inc., Chicago, 1984 Kham-hata, Microprocessois/Microcomputers Architecture, Software, and Systems, 2d ed.. Whey, New York, 1987 Liptak, Instrument Engineers Handbook, Chilton Book Company, Philadelphia, 1995 Melhchamp (ed.), Real-Time Computing with Applications to Data Acquisition and Control, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1983. 

The averaging time of the rapid-response record [Fig. 4-1 (a)] is an inherent characteristic of the instrument and the data acquisition system. It can become almost an instantaneous record of concentration at the receptor. However, in most cases this is not desirable, because such an instantaneous record cannot be put to any practical air pollution control use. What such a record reveals is something of the turbulent structure of the atmosphere, and thus it has some utility in meteorological research. In communications... 

With such aTOF-imaging SSIMS instrument, the useful mass range is extended beyond 10000 amu the mass resolution, m/Am, is -10000 with simultaneous detection of all masses and within each image, all masses can be detected. The number of data generated in a short time is enormous, and very sophisticated data acquisition systems are required to handle and process the data. 

Availability of facilities and expertise Are test facilities, instrumentation, and data-acquisition systems available. Are simulation tools, hardware, and specialized staff for numerical simulation available. The decision depends on the answers to these questions. 

Instruments based on the contact principle can further be divided into two classes mechanical thermometers and electrical thermometers. Mechanical thermometers are based on the thermal expansion of a gas, a liquid, or a solid material. They are simple, robust, and do not normally require power to operate. Electrical resistance thermometers utilize the connection between the electrical resistance and the sensor temperature. Thermocouples are based on the phenomenon, where a temperature-dependent voltage is created in a circuit of two different metals. Semiconductor thermometers have a diode or transistor probe, or a more advanced integrated circuit, where the voltage of the semiconductor junctions is temperature dependent. All electrical meters are easy to incorporate with modern data acquisition systems. A summary of contact thermometer properties is shown in Table 12.3. 

User-friendly software and hardware The premise of predictive maintenance is that existing plant staff must be able to understand the operation of both the data logger and software program. Since plant staff normally have little, if any, computer or microprocessor background, the system must use simple, straightforward operation of both the data acquisition instrument and software. Complex... 

The data logger or microprocessor selected by your predictive maintenance program is critical to the success of the program. There is a wide variety of systems on the market that range from handheld overall value meters to advanced analyzers that can provide an almost unlimited amount of data. The key selection parameters for a data acquisition instrument should include the expertise required to operate, accuracy of data, type of data, and manpower required to meet the program demands. 

Finally, the recording of many signals from the output of the analytic and electrochemical instrumentation requires a reliable multi-pen recorder or an equivalent recording system based on a data acquisition card and appropriate software. The recorded signals are normally in the range of a few mV to 10V. The use of reliable temperature controllers and thermocouples is also crucial for the success of the experiments. A lot of suppliers of such equipment can be easily found and will not be reported here. 

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