Temperature reliability

Clearly, aerospace has been a major driver for advanced structural materials. It will continue to be a driver, although perhaps at a slower pace, particularly for weight reduction and higher temperature reliability. The slowdown of military aircraft development presents a unique problem because many of these programs, such as the advanced tactical fighter (ATF), were test beds for advanced-performance materials for which... 

An advanced control system has been implemented for efficient operation of the pyrolysis reactor. However, it faced problems due mainly to the difficulty of measuring the high coil and coil skin temperature reliably and consistently, because of regular drifting of the high-temperature sensors. Thus, there is a need for a data reconciliation package (DRP) to increase the level of confidence in key measured variables, to indicate the status of sensors, and to estimate the value of some unmeasured variables and parameters (Weiss et al., 1996). 

The data compilation of Yaws and co-workers (52) was selected for heat of vaporization for temperatures ranging from melting point to critical point. The Watson equation, Equation (1-2), was used for correlation of the data as a function of temperature. Reliability of results is good with errors of about 1-5% or less. 

Results from the data compilation of Yaws and co-workers (31) were selected for thermal conductivity of gas except for epichlorohydrm (5). Data for gas thermal conductivity as a function of temperature were correlated using a series expansion in temperature. Reliability of results is rough with possible errors of 5-25%. 

Stable isotope zonation at the cm-scale is well documented in skarns, but few samples have been tested at mm to pm-scale (Jamtveit and Hervig 1994, Bezenek et al. 1995, Clechenko and Valley 2000). A careful study would include petrography and imaging, and other tests of temperature reliability. Microanalysis should be employed when other tests fail. It offers a powerful new tool for resolving the thermal and fluid evolution of skarns. 

The ability to measure the temperature reliably has allowed the examination of the rates of heat transfer in mixtures of solvents. For example, if water is mixed in small quantities of benzene or toluene, it is found that the whole solvent mixture heats up very rapidly. This strongly suggests that even if the initial coupling occurs between the MWs and the water molecules, the energy is rapidly transmitted to the whole of the solvent. Therefore, the proposal found in some publications that somehow the MW energy is stored selectively in a particular type of molecule or bond grouping within a molecule is unlikely. 

It is known that the subvalent species AIF2 is formed as well as dissolved Na, the latter being responsible for a small cOTittibution to electrOTiic conductivity [2]. Solubility studies have been carried out in laboratory experiments, and under industrial operation, the metal solubility is 0.06 wt% Al [2], The solubility decreases by increasing content of AIF3 and decreasing temperature. Reliable data for the metal solubility have been published [10,11],... 

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