Institutionalization

Schizophrenia is perhaps the most debiUtating psychiatric illness in modem medicine, affecting about 1% of the general population. Many of those affected require institutionalization (180). Unfortunately, the compounds available to treat this disorder are not hiUy effective in treating the spectmm of symptoms in all patients. Adverse effects are also a problem (181). In addition, available antipsychotic (neuroleptic) dmgs (Table 5) can at most only provide symptomatic rehef. 

The Chemical Abstracts Service has institutionalized the use of graphic representations for identification of and retrieval of information about chemical compounds through their Graphical Data Stmcture (GDS) and connection table (CT). Two information packages. Messenger and STN Express, are the basis for this on-line retrieval system (42). 

Implementing an inherent safety review process is one mechanism companies can use to institutionalize inherent safety. The review process should integrate well with company systems for process safety management, new product development, and project execution. Safety, health, and environmental considerations in the new product or process development effort can be strengthened via the introduction of the inherent safety review. Companies may also build inherently safer design concepts into their existing process safety management system and process hazard reviews. 

A key advantage of the business process redesign approach is that while it draws on past experience (in the form of the team s collective expertise) it is not bound by it. This helps minimize the risk that inadequate practices may become institutionalized through habit or neglect, and forces the team to take a fresh look at the critical processes under review. At the same time, this approach requires more concentrated effort than either TQM or model programs and may not be necessary in cases where incremental improvement is all that s required to address PSM gaps. 

Formal structures for the acquisition of academic degrees in quantum chemistry were established in the year following Lowdin s appointment to the chair in May 1960. Anders Froman became the first to earn the fil. lie. degree in December 1961 and thus started the "institutionalization" of the field. It had until then a flavor of novelty and exclusivity which was embraced by some and repelled others. The new status changed the prerequisites for graduate studies as well, undergraduate chemistry as well as experimental physics should now be a part of the baggage of new students. 

Institutionalization has been identified as one of the main cost drivers in the care of people with dementia (Holmes et al, 1998 Souetre et al, 1999), and the savings achieved by delaying the onset of institutionalization for these patients are expected to offset the additional dmg acquisition costs. 

Prevention of disease complications (e.g., dermatologic infections and skin breakdown, delay institutionalization) Avoidance or minimization of adverse consequences of treatment... 

Elderly, chronically ill, housebound, or institutionalized persons. IU, international units. 

Dobbs, Betty Jo Teeter. "From the secrecy of alchemy to the openness of chemistry." In Solomon s house revisited the organization and institutionalization of science, ed. Tore Frangsmyr, 75-94. Canton (MA) Science History Publications, 1990. 

Smith, Pamela H. The body of the artisan art and experience in the scientific revolution. Chicago (IL) Univ of Chicago P, 2004. x, 367 p. ISBN 0-226-76399-4 Flanders — Artisanal world — South German cities — Artisanal epistemology — Body of the artisan — Artisanship, alchemy, and a vernacular science of matter — Dutch republic -- Legacy of Paracelsus practitioners and new philosophers — Institutionalization of the new philosophy — Conclusion toward a history of vernacular science... 

While Nicolas Leblanc and his washing soda helped start the bulk chemical industry, Perkin s mauve spawned the world s dye and pharmaceutical drug industries. His synthetic dye was the first in a cascade of colors that institutionalized scientific research, professionalized chemists, changed the economies of vast regions, and helped make turn-of-the-century Germany the world s leading industrial power. Perkin was an ado-... 

Prussia (in northern Germany) was industrializing and urbanizing so quickly that onlookers called it Europe s Wild West. Building on synthetic alizarin red, Germany institutionalized chemical research. Perkin and other English inventors had established companies to exploit a product, but German firms exploited the research process itself. 

With the introduction of chlorpromazine in 1952, there was a small revolution in psychiatry patients suffering from psychosis were able to be de-institutionalized. Chlorpromazine and other typical antipsychotics (e.g., haloperidol) demonstrate high in vitro binding affinities for the dopamine D2 receptor (D2). Specifically, their... 

Signs and Symptoms Symptoms are acute and include fever, headache, encephalitis, vesicular skin lesions at site of the exposure, and variable neurological patterns. Involvement of the respiratory center and death usually occurs in 1-21 days after onset of symptoms. Survivors usually have considerable residual disability. May produce severe permanent neurologic impairment requiring lifelong institutionalization. 

Patients who are homeless, institutionalized, IV drug abusers, and/or infected with HIV... 

McElhaney, J.E. et al., A placebo-controlled trial of a proprietary extract of North American ginseng (CVT-E002) to prevent acute respiratory illness in institutionalized older adults, J Am Geriatr Soc, 52, 13, 2004. 

The DOD owns thousands of explosives storage structures that have been constructed over the past years. Many are similar to Figure 1 in concept. Today this similarity has been institutionalized and is called standardization. Standardization has several benefits ... 

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