Academic degree

Formal structures for the acquisition of academic degrees in quantum chemistry were established in the year following Lowdin s appointment to the chair in May 1960. Anders Froman became the first to earn the fil. lie. degree in December 1961 and thus started the "institutionalization" of the field. It had until then a flavor of novelty and exclusivity which was embraced by some and repelled others. The new status changed the prerequisites for graduate studies as well, undergraduate chemistry as well as experimental physics should now be a part of the baggage of new students. 

National Institution for Academic Degrees and University Evaluation, Kodaira, Japan Z Hou... 

The grounds for this decision was section 4 of the Law On Academic Degrees, enacted by Adolf Hitler in 1939 and still in force in Germany today. By this provision, an academic degree can be revoked or withheld, if one does not possess the necessary ethical qualification. According to a decision of the Administrative Court of Baden-Wurttemberg, an academic title can only be withheld when there has been a judicial sentence for a serious crime that has been entered on the person s police record of conduct.659... 

Do not include professional, religious, or official titles or academic degrees. 

Credential Documented evidence of professional qualifications. For pharmacists, academic degrees, state licensure, and board certification are examples of credentials. 

The industrial training and research institutes carry on research for an entire field of industry—e.g., cement, steel, or glass—and not for one particular plant or industrial establishment which they call kombinat roughly comparable to our corporation. The results of research carried out in these institutes are usually published in full in their own serials. The material included in theses and submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for academic degrees are published is condensed form and are usually referred to as "Avtoreferat dissertatsii. ... 

The demographic information for experts gathered in these studies has included the highest academic degree earned, fields of study, age, sex, race, health, organizational affiliation, and current position at work. The demographic information for the lay public gathered as part of the studies has included education, age, sex, marital status, race, children, health, present employment status, career, and annual household income. 

Fifteen years later, many clinical pharmacists have served and continue to serve as Pis in human trials. Nonetheless, it is important to emphasize that one s academic degree alone—whether MD or Pharm.D.—does not qualify the individual to serve as PI. The person s overall training and experience, complemented by their research environment, are integral to their designation as PI. As noted by Dr. Nightingale, the FDA may reject any investigator as unsuitable as part of [the] review process if their overall portfolio is insufficient to demonstrate that they possess the knowledge, skills, and... 

Clearly, an individual s academic degree alone does not imply that they possess adequate skills and experience to... 

Credentials needed to prepare for practice (i.e., academic degrees). 

A credential is documented evidence of a pharmacist s qualifications. Pharmacist credentials include diplomas, licenses, certificates, and certifications. These credentials are reflected in a variety of abbreviations that pharmacists place after their names (e.g., Pharm.D. for doctor of pharmacy, an earned academic degree R.Ph. for registered pharmacist, which indicates state licensure and acronyms such as BCNSP for Board-Certified Nutrition Support Pharmacist, which indicates that an individual has demonstrated advanced knowledge or skill in a specialized area of pharmacy). 

Most fields of research can be identified by the academic degree of the investigators in that area of research. However, health services researchers are identified more by the work than by the particular degree of the investigator. This diversity of degrees reflects the many disciplines that work in the field. As seen in Fig. 1, many disciplines may be involved in a given HSR project, making it difficult to succinctly define the field of HSR. In 1995, the Institute of Medicine (lOM) developed a comprehensive definition that characterized HSR as a... 

Final resolution and adoption of the Pharm.D. as the sole entry degree have provided the impetus for development of innovative nontraditional programs. Practitioners are now afforded a variety of equivalency-based academic degree programs from which to select. Consideration of career goals must be carefully weighed against the potential financial and personal costs. 

Peter Zapfel, Ph.D., European Commission, holds academic degrees from the University of Business and Economics in Vienna and the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. He has been with the European Commission since 1998, first for two years in the DG for Economic and Financial Affairs, and since 2000 with DG Environment. He has represented the Commission as a delegation member in UN climate negotiation sessions. He is responsible for the economic assessment of climate policy. This comprises the development and quantitative assessment of cost-effective strategies and instruments to implement the EU climate policy objectives. He has been involved in the Commission s work on emissions allowance trading since 1998 and the work on national allocation plans in the implementation of the Emission Allowance Trading Directive. Since May 2005 he has coordinated the DG Environment s EU ETS team. 

Every wealthy one-year volunteer, including Fritz Haber, could compete for the honor of an officer s commission. The goal was not to make the military a full-time career, but to become an officer in the reserves, available for national service in time of war. No matter what career one pursued, an officer s uniform was a social mark of distinction, more valuable in many circles than wealth or academic degrees. 

Antonio Violante is professor of soil chemistry at the Department of Soil, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Italy, where he has been actively involved in research and teaching since 1970. He received his academic degree in chemistry from the University of Naples in 1969. He spent two sabbatical years at the University of Wisconsin, Madison (1976-1977) and the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada (1981-1982) and was invited to serve as a visiting professor in the Department of Soil Science at the University of Saskatchewan in 1985, 1992, and 2003. He was Head of the Dipartimento di Scienze Chimico-Agrarie from 1994 to 1999 and is coordinator of the Doctoral School in Agrobiology and Agrochemistry. 

Mamedov, K. N., Dissert for Examn. Of Academic Degree for a Candidate in Tech. Sciences, Report, (1969). Cited from [74MIL] on pages 236,514. 

Table 1.4 Distribution of Chemical Professionals (%) by Academic Degree in Selected Years, 1975-1998...

Industrial, governmental, or academic nature of employment Highest academic degree attained Division of the chemicai industry Sex... 

Salary calculator. Another source of salary information for industrial scientists working in the United States is an online calculator posted by R D Magazine. To reach this calculator, visit www.rdmag.com. The calculator requires your age, scientific discipline, years of experience, and highest academic degree. It also needs the number of employees in the kind of company that interests you and the state where you would like to work. When you enter this information, the calculator displays an annual salary based on a survey of magazine subscribers. This figure may exceed what a newcomer can expect to earn, for the respondents are seasoned pros. ... 

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