Bruchid beetles

Dorcas gazelle Acacia (3 spp.) t to 13% (C 1%) fto21%(C 4%) 4- Acceleration 7%/5 days 13% /10 days Bruchid beetle opens seed Dispersal adaptation to desert rain pattern Or and Ward, 2003... 

Or, K. and Ward, D. (2003). Three-way interactions betweenAcdcw, large mammalian herbivores and bruchid beetles a review. African Journal ofEcobgy 41,257-265. 

Examination of this question with the tobacco hornworm, an insect known to be canavanine-sensitive (this insect normally feeds on canavanine-free plants) revealed that it readily incorporates [ C]canavanine into its newly synthesized proteins. Caryedes brasiliensis. however, very effectively avoids the production of such radiolabeled proteins. When the arginyl- RNA synthetase activity of these insects was compared, tobacco hornworm larvae readily activated canavanine while the larvae of the bruchid beetle possess an arginyl- tRNA synthetase with a marked ability to discriminate between arginine and its structural analogue (22). 

I am presently examining the question of whether bruchid beetle acquisition of an activating system able to discriminate between... 

Coumarin (O.T%), ferulic acid (0.1%) and -coumaric acid (5%) were shown to be toxic to the larvae of the bruchid beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (96). 

Regnault Roger, C. and Hamraoui, A. (1995) Comparison of the insecticidal effects of water extracted and intact aromatic plants on Acanthoscelides obtectus, a bruchid beetle pest of kidney beans. Chemoecology 5(6), 1-5. 

The potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) lives on Solanum species containing steroid alkaloids, which are tolerated, but not stored, by this species. The bruchid beetle Callosobruchus fasciatus predates... 

Weaving (1970) in Kenya, working with the bruchid beetles, A. obtectus and Zabrotes mbfasciatus (Boh.), demonstrated that a 0.2% pyrelhrins powder in a I 10 to I 15 ratio with PBO was suitable for practical control when applied at 2 ppm pyrethrins,... 

Ojimelukwe, P.C. and Ogwumike, F.C. 1999. Effects of infestation by bruchid beetles (Callosobruchus maculatus) on the nutritional quality and sensory properties of cowpeas (Vigna unguiculatd). J. Food Biochem. 23, 637-645. 

Jansen, D.H. and luster, H.B. (1976). Insecticidal action of the phytohemag-glutinin in black beans on a bruchid beetle. Science 192,795-796. 

Janzen, D. H., H. B. Juster, and E. A. Bell, Toxicity of secondary compounds to the seed-eating larvae of the bruchid beetle Callo-sobruchus maculatus. Phytochemistry, 16, 223-227 (1977). 

The toxicity of many nonprotein amino acids to the bruchid beetle Callosobmchus maculatus (the southern cow pea weevil) has been evaluated the larvae normally feed on the seeds of Vigna unguiculata) (Janzen et al., 1977). These beetles are adapted to the amino acids accumulated in seeds of the host plant, but they are poisoned by many other nonprotein amino acids at the level of 0.1% in artificial diets. The role of nonprotein amino acids as ecological factors in the life history of insects has been reviewed (Bemays, 1983). 

Homoarginine (L-2-amino-6-guanidinohexanoic acid) (60) (Fig. 13.13) has been isolated from a large number of Lathyrus species. This nonprotein amino acid is toxic when fed to the larval bruchid beetle Callosobruchus maculatus at the 5% level in artificial diets (Rehr et al., 1973b). 

Castanospermine (36) is a feeding deterrent for aphids and greenbugs (Wink, 1993b). Castanospermine is lethal to the larvae of the bruchid beetle Callosobruchus maculatus and the flour beetle Tribolium confusum at 0.03% and 0.1% in the diet (Fellows et al., 1986). 

The bruchid beetle Caryedes brasiliensis, for instance, a specialized insect living on canavanine-containing seeds, possesses an arginyl-tRNA synthetase that, in contrast to the enzymes of most other organisms, discriminates against canavanine. Moreover the beetle is able to degrade cana-vanine to canaline and urea and to hydrolyze the latter compound to ammonia. 

Besides avoiding, some insects can tolerate the defense chenustry of their host. The potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata) lives on Solanum species containing steroidal alkaloids, which are tolerated but not stored by this species. The bruchid beetle, Bruchidius villosus, predates seeds of QA rich plants, such as Laburnum anagyroides. This beetle eliminates most of the dietary cystisine with the faces. Certain aphids can store the dietary alkaloids, for example, QA in Aphis cytisorum, A. genistae, and Macrosiphum albifrons and PA in Aphis jacobaeae and A. cacaliaster [70]. 

Pea and bean weevil Pea cyst nematode Stem nematode Black bean aphid (blackfly) Bean seed beetle (Bruchid beetle)... 

Mark, G.A. 1982. Induced oviposition preference, periodic environments and demographic cycles in the bruchid beetle Callosobruchus maculatus. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 32 155-160. 

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