Inorganic carbon nanotubes

Ionic Liquids-Assisted Preparation of Inorganic Carbon Nanotube Composites... 

Production of hybrid inorganic/ carbon nanotube fillers via chemical vapor deposition for advanced polymer nanocomposites... 

Polymer/one-dimensional inorganic (carbon nanotube) gels... 

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a set of materials with different structures and properties. They are among the most important materials of modern nanoscience and nanotechnology field. They combine inorganic, organic, bio-organic, coUoidal, and polymeric chemistry and are chemically inert. They are insoluble in any solvent and their chemistry is in a key position toward interdisciphnary applications, for example, use as supports for catalysts and catalytic membranes [20, 21]. 

Carbon nanotubes are also of considerable interest with regard to both reinforcement and possible increases in electrical conductivity [237-239]. There is considerable interest in characterizing the flexibility of these nanotube structures, in minimizing their tendencies to aggregate, and in maximizing their miscibilities with organic and inorganic polymers. 

The approaches used for preparation of inorganic nanomaterials can be divided into two broad categories solution-phase colloidal synthesis and gas-phase synthesis. Metal and semiconductor nanoparticles are usually synthesized via solution-phase colloidal techniques,4,913 whereas high-temperature gas-phase processes like chemical vapor deposition (CVD), pulsed laser deposition (PLD), and vapor transfer are widely used for synthesis of high-quality semiconductor nanowires and carbon nanotubes.6,7 Such division reflects only the current research bias, as promising routes to metallic nanoparticles are also available based on vapor condensation14 and colloidal syntheses of high-quality semiconductor nanowires.15... 

Note that although the production of carbon nanotubes does not lend itself to an easy scale-up, the tunability of the carbon nanotube radii and the perfection of its structure could be important for their use as a template for the growth of inorganic nanotubes with a controlled radius. This property can be rather important for the selective catalysis of certain reactions, where either the reaction precursor or the product must diffuse through the (inorganic) nanotube inner core. 

The mechanical properties of the inorganic nanotubes have only been investigated to a relatively small extent. The Young s modulus of multiwall BN nanotubes was measured using the vibrational method within a TEM (17) and was found to be 1.2 TPa, which is comparable to the values measured for carbon nanotubes. The Young s modulus of the b-P nanotubes was calculated (88a). The observed value, 300 GPa, is some 25% of the Young s modulus of carbon nanotubes. The Poisson ratio of b-P nanotubes was calculated to be 0.25 in this work. 

T. Nakajima, S. Kasamatsu, Y. Matsuo, Synthesis and characterization of fluorinated carbon nanotubes, European Journal of Solid State Inorganic Chemestry, vol. 33, pp. 831-840,1996. 

Eder, D., Carbon nanotube-inorganic hybrids. Chemical Reviews, 2010.110(3) p. 1348-1385. 

Li, X., et al., Noncovatent assembly of carbon nanotube-inorganic hybrids. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2011. 21(21) p. 7527-7547. 

Eder, D. and A.H. Windle, Carbon-inorganic hybrid materials The carbon-nanotube/Ti02 interface. Advanced Materials, 2008. 20(9) p. 1787-1793. 

Zhan, Y., et al., Preparation, characterization and electromagnetic properties of carbon nanotubes/Fe304 inorganic hybrid material. Applied Surface Science, 2011. 257(9) p. 4524-4528. 

Krissanasaeranee, M., et al., Complex carbon nanotube-inorganic hybrid materials as next-generation photocatalysts. Chemical Physics Letters, 2010. 496(1-3) p. 133-138. 

Neocleus, S., et al., Hierarchical carbon nanotube-inorganic hybrid structures involving CNT arrays and CNT fibers. Functional Materials Letters, 2011. 4(1) p. 83-89. 

Fig. 11.7 Schematic diagram of an all-solid state lithium-air battery using lithium anode, an inorganic solid electrolyte, and an air electrode composed of carbon nanotubes and solid electrolyte particles. Reprinted with permission from Hirokazu Kitaura etai, Energy Environ. Sci., 2012, 5,...

Eder, D., Carbon Nanotube-Inorganic Hybrids. Chem. Rev. 2010,110 1348-1385. 

Nanocarbon hybrids have recently been introduced as a new class of multifunctional composite materials [18]. In these hybrids, the nanocarbon is coated by a polymer or by the inorganic material in the form of a thin amorphous, polycrystalline or single-crystalline film. The close proximity and similar size domain/volume fraction of the two phases within a nanocarbon hybrid introduce the interface as a powerful new parameter. Interfacial processes such as charge and energy transfer create synergistic effects that improve the properties of the individual components and even create new properties [19]. We recently developed a simple dry wrapping method to fabricate a special class of nanocarbon hybrid, W03 /carbon nanotube (CNT) coaxial cable structure (Fig. 17.2), in which W03 layers act as an electrochromic component while aligned... 

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