Inorganic acids hydrogen names

As their name implies, carboxylic acids are acidic—they dissodate slightly in aqueous solution to give H30+ and a carboxylate anion. Carboxylic acids are much weaker than inorganic acids like HC1 or H2S04, however. The Ka of acetic add, for example, is 1.78 X 10-5 (pKa = 4.75), meaning that only about 1% of acetic acid molecules dissociate in a 1.0 M aqueous solution. Note in the following electrostatic potential map of acetic add that the acidic -OH hydrogen is positively polarized (blue). 

The chapter on Oxoacids and Derived Anions (Red Book I, Chapter 1-9) has also been extensively modified. Now called Inorganic Acids and Derivatives (Chapter IR-8), it includes the slightly revised concept of hydrogen names in Section IR-8.4 (and some traditional ous and ic names have been reinstated for consistency and because they are required for organic nomenclature purposes, i.e. in the new Blue Book). 

There are two general types of inorganic acids binary and oxyacids. Binary acids are composed of just two elements hydrogen and some other nonmetal, e.g., HCI and H2S. These acids are named by placing the prefix hydro before and the suffix ic after the nonmetal element the compound ends with the word acid. For example, when hydrogen is combined with chlorine, the ine is dropped from... 

For the most part in this book, we use common names for inorganic acids. For complete details of systematic nomenclature, including "hydrogen names (an alternative nomenclature for hydrogen-containing compounds and ions) and how to... 

A chemical compound formed by the reaction of an organic or inorganic acid with an alcohol or with another organic compound containing the hydroxyl (-OH) radical. The reaction involves replacement of the hydrogen of the acid with a hydrocarbon group. The name of an ester indicates its derivation e.g., the ester resulting from the reaction of ethyl alcohol and acetic acid is called ethyl acetate. Esters have important uses in the formulation of some petroleum additives and synthetic lubricants. 

A binary acid is an acid that contains only two different elements hydrogen and one of the more electronegative elements. Many common inorganic acids are binary acids. The hydrogen hahdes—HE, HCl, HBr, and HI—are all binary acids. Names for some binary acids are given in Figure 1.3. 

Inorganic Nomenclature. Compounds may be named in German merely by compounding the names of the elements as, Jodkalium (potassium iodide), SHiziumfiuorwasserstoff (hydrogen silicofluoride, fluosihcic acid). Words formed from the names of two elements are usually to be translated by giving the -ide ending to the first part (Jodkalium, potassium iodide). 

MIcrobiocldes. There are several microbiocides available commercially that can perform an effective function in controlling microbial activity. Some of these chemicals are inorganic, such as chlorine, sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, chromates and compounds of mercury and silver. However, the organic chemicals find the highest use as microbiocides. Some examples of these organic compounds are peracetic acid, paraformaldehyde, polychlorophenols and quaternary ammonium derivatives, to name a few [208]. 

Other minor systems are also in use. Some are traditional, and some are very restricted in their application. These include acid nomenclature (inorganic, for oxoacids and derivatives), replacement nomenclature (mainly organic, to denote replacement of skeletal atoms in a parent rather than replacement of hydrogen atoms — oxa-aza replacement is one variant), functional class nomenclature (this is again principally organic and involves the use of type names such as alcohol, acid and ether) and subtractive nomenclatures (such as organic-deoxy and inorganic-debor). These will all be referred to briefly as appropriate. 

Basilus Valentinus of Italy was first to isolate the acid and reported it under the name spiritus sabs in the fifteenth century. Glauber prepared this acid by the reaction of sulfuric acid with common salt in 1648. Lavoisier proposed the name muriatic acid in 1789 after muriate, the term referring to a chlorine-containing inorganic substance. Sir Humphrey Davy proved the gas was composed of only hydrogen and chlorine in 1810. Subsequently, the gas was named hydrogen chloride. 

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