Hydrogen-containing compounds

Deuterium [16873-17-9] (symbol or D) occurs ia nature in all hydrogen-containing compounds to the extent of about 0.0145 atom %. Small but real... 

Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe and is found in a variety of compounds, including hydrocarbons (e.g., fossil fuels or biomass) and water. Since free hydrogen does not occur naturally on earth in large quantities, it must be produced from hydrogen-containing compounds. 

Give the name and formula of three hydrogen containing compounds that are not classified as acids. State for each compound one or more properties common to acids that it does not possess. 

Replacement of a hydrogen of benzene by chlorine is termed chlorination. When one or more hydrogens are replaced by an -NO2 (nitro group), it is called nitration. Reaction of benzene with sulfuric acid, a reaction known as sulfonation, leads to a sulfonic acid. Note that in each substitution reaction, a small hydrogen-containing compound is formed. 

Thus far, we have used the Arrhenius theory of acids and bases (Secs. 6.4 and 7,3) in which acids are defined as hydrogen-containing compounds that react with bases. Bases are compounds containing OH" ions or that form OH- ions when they react with water. Bases react with acids to form salts and water. Metallic hydroxides and ammonia are the most familiar bases to us. 

Arrhenius theory theory of acids and bases in which acids are defined as hydrogen-containing compounds that react with bases. 

The Mannich reaction consists of the condensation of an active hydrogen-containing compound with an amine-containing compound in the presence of formaldehyde. See Section 5.4 (this chapter) for addition details. 

Jr Carbene Formation Reactive Hydrogen Containing Compound Or Insertion with Covalent Bond Formation (Reaction 56)... 

Figure 4.22 The Mannich reaction occurs between an active-hydrogen-containing compound (phenol) and an amine-containing molecule in the presence of an aldehyde (formaldehyde). The condensation reaction forms stable crosslinks.

Figure 4.23 Examples of active-hydrogen-containing compounds that can participate in the Mannich reaction. The points of reactivity are shown by the hydrogen atoms.

Guemter, S. et al., Photocatalytic composite element for cleavage of hydrogen containing compounds, especially, for hydrocarbon decomposition and wastewater treatment, German Patent No. DE 10210465,2003. 

Hydrogen production process by direct photolysis of hydrogen-containing compounds may be based on different types of photosensitizers in parallel with inorganic semiconductors. The model systems for photoinduced hydrogen production with porphyrins and hydrogenase were developed [4],... 

Early experimental work on the oxidation of carbon monoxide was confused by the presence of any hydrogen-containing impurity. The rate of CO oxidation in the presence of species such as water is substantially faster than the bone-dry condition. It is very important to realize that very small quantities of hydrogen, even of the order of 20 ppm, will increase the rate of CO oxidation substantially [8], Generally, the mechanism with hydrogen-containing compounds present is referred to as the wet carbon monoxide condition. 

Compounds are burnt in the flame producing ions and thus an increase in current between the jet and the collector. Detects carbon/hydrogen-containing compounds. Insensitive to carbon atoms attached to oxygen, nitrogen or chlorine. In combination with capillary GC it may detect as low as 100 pg-10 ng. Wide range of linear response ca 10 ... 

Acid A hydrogen-containing compound which reacts with water producing hydrogen ions a proton donor a liquid having a pH of less than 2. Acidic chemicals are corrosive. 

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