Initial Protective Force

From 1937 onward all industrial mobilization planning was based on the manpower requirements of the Protective Mobilization Plan (PMP). The PMP called for an army of 400,000, within 30 days after mobilization, known as the Initial Protective Force and made up of the Regular Army and the National Guard. Within 4 months, the number would be raised to 1,000,000 men and within 14 months to a peak wartime figure of 4,000,000. The CWS planned for both units and facilities under the PMP and estimated the time it would require to furnish the mobilized forces with critical and essential items, such as gas masks, toxic agents, smoke, munitions, impregnite, airplane spray tanks, and shells for 4.2-inch chemical mortars. ... 

Sacrificial anodes Independent of external supply of electric power. Simple to install, simple to augment if initial protection proves inadequate. Cannot be incorrectly attached to the structure, does not require control. Difficult to overprotect. Small driving force may restrict application. 

Where there is a perceived risk of crevice corrosion, cathodic protection can often be used to prevent its initiation. Once more a 100 mV cathodic polarisation will usually prove sufficient. However, it is doubtful whether cathodic protection can arrest crevice corrosion once started and, despite claims to the contrary, whether it could be effective in arresting stress-corrosion cracking. The problem lies in the fundamental difficulty of forcing cathodic current into an occluded area. 

As of 1995, almost 38% of all women 50 to 75 years of age were using HRT.1 It was in 1996 that the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) first published its recommendations that not all postmenopausal women should be prescribed HRT, but rather, therapy should be individualized based on risk factors. This recommendation was further supported with publication of the Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study (HERS) in 1998, which demonstrated that women who had established CHD were at an increased risk of experiencing a myocardial infarction within the first year of HRT use compared with a similar group of women without CHD risk factors. As a result, the authors concluded that HRT is not recommended for the secondary prevention of CHD.2 Then, in 2002, the Women s Health Initiative (WHI) report was published. This trial demonstrated that HRT was not protective against CHD but... 

Since the reaction mixture is acidified after the heating period, it is most convenient to carry out the reaction in a forced-draft hood in order to provide protection against hydrogen cyanide. If higher temperatures than those specified are used, the reaction may get out of control during the initial vigorous reaction. 

The most destructive incidents in the petroleum and related industries are usually initiated by an explosive blast that can damage and destroy unprotected facilities. These blasts have been commonly equated with the force of a TNT explosion and are quite literally a "bomb". The protection of hydrocarbon and chemical industries is in rather a unique discipline by itself, which requires specialized techniques of mitigation and protection in a systems based approach. The first step in this approach is to understand the characteristics of hydrocarbon releases, fires and explosions. 

The last two applications, while convenient and initially appealing, require more maintenance and inspection than a simple, ground level monitor. Significant reactive forces can be generated and, therefore, the support structures must be properly engineered. Elevated monitors also require support and hydraulics to be protected by a water spray system if exposed to fires. An elevated monitor is shown in Eigure 7-12. 

A Biocube system was installed at Patrick Air Force Base in Florida to treat total volatile hydrocarbons (TVFI). Because the Biocube failed to meet initial treatment goals during the test, insufficient data was available to evaluate cost. However, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimated that costs could range from 18.66 to 38.06 per kilogram to treat TVH at concentrations of 1000 to 2000 parts per million volume (ppmv) and flow rates of 20 to 40 standard cubic feet per minute (scfm) (D21034U, p. 1). 

In the European Union, a very comprehensive initiative with the aim to improve the protection of human health and the environment from the hazards of chemicals, and to enhance the competitiveness of the EU s chemical industry, is under way. It is referred to as REACIT, which stands for Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals. REACFf places greater responsibility on industry to manage the risk of chemicals and provide appropriate safety information to professional users and, as far as the most hazardous substances, to consumers. New substances need to be registered before they are placed on the market. REACH came in force on June 1, 2007, with a phased implementation over the next decade. There is no doubt that it will affect the UV/EB industry. 

---