Inhale Therapeutic Systems

Lynn Van Campen, Ph.D. Vice President, Pharmaceutical Development, Inhale Therapeutic Systems, Inc., San Carlos, California Inhalation, Dry Powder... 

Compositions and methods for nucleic acid delivery to the lung. Inhale Therapeutic Systems Inc., San Carlos, CA. U.S. Patent No. 5994314, issued 11-30-1999. 

The active inhaler made by Nektar Therapeutics (formerly Inhale Therapeutic Systems, United States), called Pulmonary Delivery System (PDS), mechanically compresses a fixed volume of air required for delivery and dispersion of a premetered dry-powder unit dose by a spring-loaded pump (Fig. 8.10). Generation of the respirable aerosol cloud thus is independent of the inspiration effort exerted by the patient. The aerosol is generated in a transparent holding chamber that acts as a spacer from which the patient inhales the standing cloud of particles (Patton 1997). The PDS device is actually close to market for inhaled delivery of insulin under the trade name Exubera. 

Some of the early entrants into this field have expanded their activities into delivery routes other than their original core technology, so that they can offer solutions in the transdermal, inhalation and other fields as well as oral formulations. This is hue of Alza, Elan and 3M, the latter being something of a hybrid since it is also a pharmaceutical company in the conventional sense. By contrast, some companies in this field are linked to specific routes of administration Inhale Therapeutic systems, as its name implies, focuses on inhalation technology, while Pharmatec International, one of the oldest-established advanced drag delivery concerns, remains committed to the oral route. 

Pfizer/inhale therapeutic systems, insuhn inhalation, HMR 4006. Drugs R D 1999, 2 (2), 112-113. 

Dose reproducibility Several human studies comparing aerosol insulin administration to subcutaneously administered insulin showed that the variability in glucose response from a liquid nebulizer that utilized the standing cloud concept was equivalent or better than that seen with insulin injection. Inhale Therapeutics Systems, Inc. has adopted this standing cloud concept for its dry powder inhaler to achieve reproducibility of delivery of macromolecules to the systemic circulation that is equivalent to subcutaneous injections. 

Pulmosphere. Pulmosphere (Inhale Therapeutic Systems, San Carlos, California, U.S.A.) particles are also prepared by spray drying, in which the feed comprises an aqueous solution containing dissolved or dispersed active drug, and a fluorocarbon-in-water emulsion, stabilized by a monolayer of phospholipid (such as dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine). Being hollow and porous, Pulmosphere particles have a... 

The Solo device from Inhale Therapeutic Systems is a patient-driven unit dose inhaler. It has a built-in flow control to maximize the reproducibility of dose to patient. It is designed for short-term use and when large drug dosages are preferred. 

Inhale, Family of Inhalers. 2001 Inhale Therapeutic Systems Inc. http //www.inhale.com/webpage templates/ tech frame.php3 page name = delivery (Access 1 August, 2001). 

Andy Clark, Ph.D. Inhale Therapeutics Systems, San Carlos, CaUfomia... 

Inhale Therapeutic Systems, San Carlos, CA July 27,1999 Sergeevna et al. March 10,1999... 

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