Determination infrared spectroscopic

Allara D L and Nuzzo R G 1985 Spontaneously organized molecular assemblies. 2. Quantitative infrared spectroscopic determination of equilibrium structures of solution-adsorbed normal-alkanoic acids on an oxidized aluminum surface Langmuir 1 52-66... 

Fischbacher C, Jagemann K-U, Danzer K, Muller UA, Papenkordt L, Schuler J (1997) Enhancing calibration models for non-invasive near-infrared spectroscopical blood glucose determination. Fresenius J Anal Chem 359 78... 

One example of a cocrystal containing BEDT-TTF and ferrocene has been reported [104]. The [(BEDT-TTF Cgob lferrocene) adduct was crystallized from a carbon disulfide solution. The unit cell has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction but the crystal structure was not reported. An infrared spectroscopic analysis indicates that the charge transfer between the BEDT-TTF and C6o molecules is quite small. It has been suggested that such complexes may offer a means to introduce iron into the fullerene lattice. 

Kamat, M. S., Lodder, R. A., De Luca, P. R Near-infrared spectroscopic determination of residual moisture in lyophilized sucrose through intact glass vials. Pharmaceutical Research 6, p. 961-965, 1989. Copyright 1989 Plenum Publishing Corp, New York, N. Y USA... 

Pitts, J. N., Jr., J. M. McAfee, W. D. Long, and A. M. Winer. Long-path infrared spectroscopic investigation at ambient concentrations of the 2% neutral buffered potassium iodide method for determination of ozone. Environ. Sci. Tedinol. 10 787-793, 1976. 

Behrens H., Romano G., Nowak M., Holtz F., and Dingwell D.B. (1996) Near-infrared spectroscopic determination of water species in glasses of the system MAlSi308 (M = Li, Na, K) an interlaboratory study. Chem. Geol. 128, 41-63. 

The existence of several adsorbed states of an olefin on metal surfaces is shown by infrared spectroscopic studies [68]. This technique has the advantage that it yields direct information regarding the chemical identity of the various adsorbed species, although there are limitations to its use. One of the main limitations is that the presence of surface intermediates may not be revealed if the appropriate band intensities are too weak [69]. In this context, it has been suggested [70] that the C—H bands associated with carbon atoms which are multiply bonded to the surface are too weak to be observed. Pearce and Sheppard [71] have also proposed the operation of an optical selection rule, similar to that found with bulk metals [72], in determining the bands observed with adsorbed species on supported metal catalysts. In spite of these limitations, however, the infrared approach has contributed significantly to the understanding of the nature and reactivity of adsorbed hydrocarbons. 

Information about the structure of gas molecules haB been obtained by several methods. Spectroscopic studies in the infrared, visible, and ultraviolet regions have provided much information about the simplest molecules, especially diatomic molecules, and a few polyatomic molecules. Microwave spectroscopy and molecular-beam studies have yielded very accurate interatomic distances and other structural information about many molecules, including some of moderate complexity. Molecular properties determined by spectroscopic methods are given in the two books by G. Herzberg, Spectra of Diatomic Molecules, 1950. and Infrared and Raman Spectra, 1945, Van Nostrand Co., New York. The information obtained about molecules by microwave spectroscopy is summarised by C. H. Townes and A. L. Schawlow in their book Microwave Spectroscopy of Gases, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1955. 

The growth of the importance of infrared spectrography and spectrophotometry in determining the structure of compounds and the composition of substances has led to the development of many infrared spectroscopes and other instruments. Most infrared spectroscopes and spectrophotometers employ front-surface mirrors instead of lenses. This eliminates the necessity for energy to pass through glass, quartz, or similar material. Furthermore,... 

The attenuated total reflection (ATR) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FT-fR) studies of Gendreu, Jakobsen, and others79 have the potential for direct determination of conformational changes during the adsorption process due to shifts in the infrared absorption bands. Sakurai et al. 80,81), have used ATR-FT1R, as well as CD, to probe conformational changes upon adsorption. 

D1.7 Infrared Spectroscopic Determination of Total Trans Fatty Acids... 

The infrared study of chemisorbed ammonia by Mapes and Eischens (55) was the first to demonstrate the power and utility of the infrared spectroscopic method for determination of surface acidity. These investigators demonstrated that IR spectra of ammonia chemisorbed on cracking catalyst contained H—N—H-bending bands that arose from NH4+ and coordinated NH3 (Fig. 6), a finding that constituted direct evidence for the existence of Br0nsted and Lewis acids on the surface of silica-alumina catalyst. Parry (23) subsequently suggested the use of pyri-... 

The infrared spectroscopic method is the same as the X-ray diffraction method, except that the infrared band absorptions are used instead of diffraction intensities. As in the X-ray analysis method, the dependence of the spectrum on temperature or on the presence of diluent can be used to determine which bands are due to the crystalline regions, and which to the amorphous. 

Thosar, S.S. Forbes, R.A. Ebube, Y.C. etal., A comparison of reflectance and transmittance near-infrared spectroscopic techniques in determining drug content in intact tablets Pharm. Dev. Tech. 2001, 6, 19-29. 

Budzinski et al. [142] have reported an infrared spectroscopic method for the determination of down to 200-300 ppb of semivolatiles such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorobiphenyls in soil. 

The components of the silanol number (free and bridged hydroxyls) were determined by the deuterium exchange method and infrared spectroscopic measurements.36... 

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