Influence of the Material

Internal pressure creep behavior in various polyolefins test conditions standing distilled water as internal and external medium [ 191] 

This dependence has been verified for all plastics as long as they do not exhibit differences in molecular mass distribution and microstructure. 

Dependence of creep strength on average molecular mass [811] 

For any given materiai density, the height and slope of the flat branch are determined. With increasing moiecuiar mass, the onset of steep decrease shifts to longer service times [811]. 

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As described previously, the process, especially if long dies are used in the extrusion process will result in compaction of the system. If the spheronization of the extrudate follows that described earlier, there will be further consolidation of the ma.ss. In fact. Chapman (52) used evidence of an increase in density of the pellets as part of his proof of the mechanism of spheronization. The liquid content of formulations is quite high, often 35-40%, hence the rate of removal of this and the potential influence of shrinkage can all influence the final structure. In some formulations, not all the liquid is removed from the pellets, which again can influence the final density. The density of the materials incorporated into the formulation will also influence the density of the pellets. Hence, it is not always possible to predict the final density of the pellets. Because of the influence of the material density, it is preferable to express the property as porosity."... 

This section analyzes electrochemical sensors for CO2 detection. The two main categories of electrochemical sensing principles are reviewed (amper-ometric and potentiometric) and among potentiometric sensors, special attention is given to mixed potential sensors, because carbon monoxide sensors belong to this group. The influence of the materials and fabrication processes in the sensor performance is also evaluated. 

This chapter will focus on the factors concerning dental implants which affect biologic properties of currently available dental implant materials. As pertains to each major topic, the influence of the materials properties on biologic responses will be emphasized. 

In the standard semiclassical formulation, the magnetic influence of the material on the muon is represented by an effective field By, which acts on the spin Sy of the muon at its interstitial site. By, can be expressed as the vector sum of various contributions, but this separation into different terms is mostly artificial and only a convenience. It must be emphasized that the muon sees only one resultant field independent of its sources. 

Table 1 Influence of the material and fabrication technology used for the production of microfluidic chips (labs-on-chips), and of surface pretreatments or additives to the running buffer on the electroosmotic mobilities ...

Mae et al. [18] performed experiments with micromixers with regard to a soap-free emulsion using salad oil and water as the test system. Special attention was also given to the influence of the material of the micromixers on the emulsification process. They found that the proper choice of micromixer material supports the formation of emulsions (Figure 22.9). 

Figure 4,39. Influence of the material concept on the activity concentrations of Co and °Co in the primary coolant of Siemens PWRs (Marchl and Riess, 1993 b)...

Winding process simulations for thermoplastic filaments are important for the component quality. Commercial simulation tools are not available yet. Research institutes are developing different process simulation programs to understand the influences of the material and the process on the component quality. Simulation programs from the CCM (University of Delaware, Center for Composite Materials, USA) and from the IVW (Institut fiir Verbundwerkstoffe GmbH, Germany) are presented hereafter. 

Available test results indicate that dispersed fibres of all kinds increase impact resistance of cement-based matrices and improve energy absorption capacity. This concerns the influence of the material s strnctnre in general. 

Sun C, Zhang X. The influences of the material properties on ceramic micro-stereo-lithographyMicro SLA. Sensors Actuators A Phys 2002 101 364-370. 

Considering the influence of the material properties, it must be acknowledged that attrition is a statistical effect, i.e., there are differences in the attrition susceptibility of the individual bed particles, and the attrition stress is acting randomly on them. As a consequence, there is usually not the influence of one particular property evaluated rather there is an evaluation of the materials statistical attritability as a whole. Section 4 summarizes the relevant attrition test procedures. The results of these attrition tests must then be transferred to the actual process by means of a physically sound description of the process conditions (Werther and Reppenhagen, 1999 Boerefijn et al., 2000). This, however, requires a distinction between different regions of the system that apply different types of stress to the solids. For this reason. Sec. 5 first summarizes the attrition mechanisms prevailing in the relevant sources of a fluidized bed system, and Sec. 6 then finally deals with a description of attrition in the entire process. 

Table 17 Possible influences of the material during production [52]...

The influence of the material of the reinforcing cap is shown in Fig. 2.12. The initiatirat efficiency is in this case represented as a minimum amount of primary... 

Typical curves showing the total liquid hold-up hL can be seen in Fig. 2-2b for 25 mm metal Bialecki rings and Fig. 4-4a-d for selected types of packings with different gas capacity factors Fy, and the specific liquid load ul as the parameter. The influence of the liquid load ul on the liquid hold-up of randomly filled Pall rings is shown in Fig. 4-5a-c, the influence of the packing size in Fig. 4-5a,b and the influence of the material in Fig. 4-5c. 

INFLUENCE OF THE MATERIAL STRUCTURE ON THE LONG TERM PROPERTIES OF THE CONCRETE C( IPOSITES IN BENDING... 

Based on our understanding of the gas- and liquid-phase transport in the fuel cell, a unified view of the role of the various porous media can be constructed and is shown in Figure 6.31. It should be noted that due to the lack of direct experimental observation of the very small microporous and catalyst layers, there exist several different theories to resolve the observed influences of the material properties on fuel cell performance. 

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