Infiltration Linear

The crystallization temperature (T ) has been found to decrease with pore size. Woo et al. [197] infiltrated linear polyethylene (PE) in AAO templates. Several pore sizes were studied, from 15 to llOnm, and even though a clear decreasing trend with pore size diameter was found, the crystallization temperatures found were too high to correspond to homogeneous nucleation of PE (see [92,97,100,112,200]). The nucleation of the confined PE nanocylinders must have been produced by surface nucleation. Similar results of decreasing with pore size have been reported for infiltrated PP [190], PEO [227,200, 202], and PE-b-PS [200] diblock copolymers. 

The two highest concentrations of tannic acid (0.051 and 0.034%) resulted in a linear increase of virus titer up to 21 days after inoculation, even though the reduction of starch lesion formation was 91 and 64%, respectively. Thus, the virus must have replicated beyond the limitation of starch lesions. Further experiments indicated that a systemic spread of the virus into the primary leaves in cucumber plants could be obtained by daily brushing the noninoculated primary leaves (only the cotyledons were inoculated) with tannic acid following a vacuum infiltration of whole plants with 0.051% tannic acid 24 hours after virus inoculation. Primary leaves were shielded by tinfoil during the inoculation of the cotyledons to prevent accidental infection. Aerosol O.T. (0.1%) was incorporated in tannic... 

Crohn s disease is granulomatous and in most cases it is a simultaneous disease of the ileum and colon. The primarily inflamed region is the distal ileum, and all intestinal layers are thickened. The mucosal surface is reddened, nodular, and cobblestone-Uke, with mnltiple linear ulcerations. The mucosal layer is thickened by inflammatory infiltrate, the submucosa and serosa by fibrosis, and the serosa by hypertrophy. Chronic nlcerative colitis is a systemic disease that starts at the rectum or the sigmoid colon and progresses proximally to involve the entire left side of the colon. The colonic crypts are the first sites of cell damage and death, and the disease primarily involves the mucosal layer of the intestine. 

Dapsone is approved for the treatment of an autoimmune blistering skin disease, dermatitis herpetiformis. This intensely pruritic eruption is characterized histologically by a dense dermal infiltration of neutrophils and subepidermal blisters. Other skin diseases in which dapsone is helpful are linear immunoglobulin A (IgA) dermatosis, subcorneal pustular dermatosis, leukocytoclastic vasculitis, and a variety of rarer eruptions in which neutrophils predominate, including some forms of cutaneous lupus erythematosus. 

Much lower infiltration factors were found for coarse particles than for PM2.5 in four European cities (Table 1). Infiltration factors were estimated from linear regression analyses of simultaneously measured indoor and outdoor coarse particle concentrations. The lower infiltration of coarse particle is consistent with lower penetration and higher decay rates of coarse particles due to gravitational settling and impaction, see Sect. 3. Studies conducted in the USA have reported substantially lower infiltration rates for coarse particles as well [17, 18]. 

Approximately 0.2 to 0.6 ml of anesthetic should be injected by simultaneously expressing the plunger and slowly withdrawing needle. Slow and steady infiltration can minimize the pain of the injection. Care should be taken to check if anesthetic is following a line instead of diffuse filling. A linear infiltration is an indication that the needle may have penetrated a small vessel. Continued injection of the anesthetic could cause a cardiac arrhythmia. The procedure should be halted and the patient monitored for 5 to 10 minutes while checking the heart rate and heart rhythm. 

In correlation with fatty infiltration, the fatty liver shows a diffuse reduction in density with decreased Hounsfield units. The fatty liver appears much darker than the spleen (so-called grey liver). Hepatomegaly with smooth contours is visible. The parenchyma is iso-dense or hypodense compared with the vessels and bile ducts, which is why (depending on the degree of fatty infiltration) there is a reversal of density (so-called negative scan ). A linear correlation exists between the extent of the fatty infiltration and the decrease in the density recorded. An increase in the relative fat content by 10% leads to a reduction in density of 17(-20) HU. 

In the portal fields, plasmacellular and lymphocytic infiltrates prevail. However, they are also present in the liver parenchyma, arranged linearly inside the sinusoids, which is why this finding can indeed be mistaken for hepatitis mononucleosa. There are no granulocytic components. 

A 67-year-old man presented with an acute bullous eruption 6 weeks after starting bumetanide. He had numerous large tense bullae on erythematous skin, with superficial ulceration on the thighs, arms, and anterior trunk. Pruritus was severe. Routine laboratory tests were normal, except for blood eosinophilia. Biopsy of a blister showed subepidermal bullae associated with dermal infiltrates of neutrophils and eosinophils. Direct immunofluorescence showed continuous linear deposits of C3 and IgG at the basement membrane zone, confirmed by immunoelectron microscopy. Circulating IgG antibasement membrane antibodies were localized in the roof of the blister. Compete clinical heahng and normalization of immunology occurred within 2 months of withdrawal of bumetanide. 

Linear IgA bullous disease is an autoimmune subepider-mal disorder, characterized by a linear deposition of IgA along the blister base, with a predominantly neutrophilic dermal infiltrate. Most often idiopathic, a subset of linear IgA bullous disease is induced by drugs, and intravenous vancomycin is the best-documented drug that triggers it (71). The diagnosis can be confirmed by direct immunofluorescence (72,73). In some cases the blisters resolve only after withdrawal of therapy and in others glucocorticoid therapy is required. 

As an other possibility we find out that the liquid phase sintering of a W-Cu gradient with 0-20 vol.-% copper and 0,25% Co as additive results in an porosity gradient from 30% to 75%. After infiltration it leaves to a W-Cu gradient with 30-80 vol.-% copper and a nearly linear gradient function over the whole dimension (3 mm) of the sample. 

The quantitative phase analysis results are shown in Figure 2 and Table 1. As can be seen from the figure, the amount of AT is 44.5 wt% on the surface and reduces linearly with depth to 9.5 wt% at 0.3 mm, and then to 5.3 wt% at 1.5 mm. By contrast, the a-alumina content increases linearly with depth from 44.4 wt% at the surface to 80.2 wt% at 0.3 mm, and then 85.7 wt% at 1.5 mm. This suggests that the kinetics of infiltration are time-dependent and thus the amount of infiltrant reduces with depth. Clearly, liquid infiltration is a useful method to produce FGMs, as also indicated by other researchers. ... 

Figure 13. A plot of 5 0(fdsp) vs. 5 (pyroxene) for various gabbros. If equilibrated at magmatie temperatures, these minerals would form a linear array with small fractionation and a slope of 1. The steeper slope and highly variable fractionations shown here indicate that the rocks have been altered by infiltration of hydrothermal fluids and that feldspar has exchanged more completely than pyroxene, (from Criss et al. 1987).

The infiltration of water into clay-like materials causes changes in the pore structure of the material. Water molecules place in the solid matrix and become immobile. In consequence the effective porosity and the intrinsic permeability decrease. If the volume expansion of the material is restrained, swelling pressure is observed which increases linearly with the degree of water saturation, Studer et al. (1984), and BSrgesson (1984). The correlation between swelling pressure p, and void ratio e can be expressed best with the following empirical relationship, Bdrgesson et al. (1995) ... 

With nano-SDC infiltrated LSM cathode, the single cell performance was obviously improved. Our micro-stack results proved that the gas flow geometry critically affects the stack performance. The performance of linear micro-stacks decreased with increasing cell number, probably due to the uneven gas/temperature distribution. The symmetric star-shaped design exhibited attractive output, making it very promising for portable power sources. 

After treatment with infliximab, patients with rheumatoid arthritis or Crohn s disease exhibited reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells and TNFa production in inflamed tissues and decreased levels of serum IL-6 and C-reactive protein compared to baseline. In psoriatic arthritis, treatment with infliximab resulted in a reduction in the number of T cells and blood vessels in the synovium and psoriatic skin as well as a reduction of macrophages in the synovium. Single IV infusions showed a linear relationship between the dose administered and the maximum serum concentration. The volume of distribution at steady state was independent of dose and indicated that infliximab was distributed primarily within the vascular compartment. The terminal half-life of infliximab is 8.0 to 9.5 days. No systemic accumulation of infliximab occurred on continued repeated treatment at 4- or 8-week intervals. 

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