Virulence factor expression

For microorganism communities, energy-demanding phenomena such as biofilm formation, virulence factor expression and even bioluminescence are only beneficial once the population density has passed a certain threshold [29]. Bacteria... 

L. rhamnosus GG Inhibition of virulence factor expression Reduces expression of genes encoding shiga toxin Carey et al. (2008)... 

In the PQS circuit, it has been shown that PQS (12) is involved in controlling genes required for virulence factor expression and biofllm formation. PQS regulates the expression of /ai B, encoding for elastase, an important virulence factor, and both the las and rhl QS systems of P. aeruginosa affect the synthesis and bioactivity of PQS. LasR positively regulates the synthesis of PQS, whereas RhlR represses it. Both... 

Rowan, N.J. et al (2001) Putative virulence factor expression by clinical and food isolates of Bacillus spp. after growth in reconstituted infant milk formulae. Appl Environ. Microbiol, 67 (9), 3873-3881. 

Key Words Quorum sensing cell-cell signaling acylated homoseiine lactone autoinducer 2 virulence factor expression global regulation inhibitors. 

Tracz et al. (2013) pointed out the advantages of their approach such as the lack of any prior knowledge of the analyzed microorganism, and the capability of generating organism-specific sequence data. In addition, their method can provide relative protein expression levels, including the confirmation of virulence factor expression, which has relatively low cost of consumables per sample and a relatively fast turnaround time (<8 h postculture). Moreover, it can be easily implemented in a typical proteomics laboratory. 

Calfee MW, Coleman JP, Pesci EC (2001) Interference with Pseudomonas quinolone signal synthesis inhibits virulence factor expression by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98 11633-11637... 

The antibacterial activity of citral should be briefly mentioned. Citral inhibits swarming and virulence factor expression of Proteus mirabilis, which can cause urinary tract infections, thus it is used to prevent development of these infections... 

Moser, M., Menz, G., Blaser, K., and Crameri, R. (1994). Recombinant expression and antigenic properties of a 32-kilodalton extracellular alkaline protease, representing a possible virulence factor from Aspergillus fumigatus. Infect. Immun. 62, 936-942. 

NT519 Song, Y. N., M. Shibuya, Y. Ebizukaand U. Sankawa. Indentification of plant factors inducing virulence gene expression in Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Chem Pharm Bull 1991 39(9) 2347-2350. 

Arico, B. Miller, J.E Roy, C. Stibitz, S. Monack, D. Falkow, S. Gross, R. Rappuoli, R. Sequences required for expression of Bordetella pertussis virulence factors share homology with prokaryotic signal transduction proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 86, 6671-6675 (1989)... 

M Dziejman, JJ Mekalanos. Two-component signal transduction and its role in the expression of bacterial virulence factors. In JA Hoch, TJ Silhavy, eds. Two-component signal transduction. Washington, DC ASM Press, 1995, pp 305-317. 

Bengoechea, J.A., Najdenski, H., Skumik, M. Lipopolysaccharide O antigen status of Yersinia enterocolitica 0 8 is essential for virulence and absence of O antigen affects the expression of other Yersinia virulence factors. Mol Microbiol 52 (2004) 451—469. 

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