Industry and the Environment

E. E. Ketchen, and F. N. Case, Proceedings of the AATCC Symposium, the Textile Industry and the Environment, Research Triangle Park, N.C., 1973,... 

Ronald E. Hester is Professor of Chemistry in the University of York. He was for short periods a research fellow in Cambridge and an assistant professor at Cornell before being appointed to a lectureship in chemistry in York in 1965. He has been a full professor in York since 1983. His more than 300 publications are mainly in the area of vibrational spectroscopy, latterly focusing on time-resolved studies of photoreaction intermediates and on biomolecular systems in solution. He is active in environmental chemistry and is a founder member and former chairman of the Environment Group of the Royal Society of Chemistry and editor of Industry and the Environment in Perspective (RSC, 1983) and Understanding Our Environment (RSC, 1986). As a member of the Council of the UK Science and Engineering Research Council and several of its sub-committees, panels and boards, he has been heavily involved in national science policy and administration. He was, from 1991-93, a member of the UK Department of the Environment Advisory Committee on Hazardous Substances and is currently a member of the Publications and Information Board of the Royal Society of Chemistry. 

The fluorescence and phosphorescence of luminescent materials are modulated by the characteristics of the environment to which these materials are exposed. Consequently, luminescent materials can be used as sensors (referred also as transducers or probes) to measure and monitor parameters of importance in medicine, industry and the environment. Temperature, oxygen, carbon dioxide, pH, voltage, and ions are examples of parameters that affect the luminescence of many materials. These transducers need to be excited by light. The manner in which the excited sensor returns to the ground state establishes the transducing characteristics of the luminescent material. It is determined by the concentration or value of the external parameter. A practical and unified approach to characterize the luminescence of all sensors is presented in this chapter. This approach introduces two general mechanisms referred as the radiative and the nonradiative paths. The radiative path, in the general approach, is determined by the molecular nature of the sensor. The nonradiative path is determined by the sensor environment, e.g., value or concentration of the external parameter. The nonradiative decay rate, associated with the nonradiative path, increases... 

A critical element of Cleaner Production is that it results in a "win-win" scenario for industry and the environment as it implies striving for continuous resource efficiency to create economic savings for the company. In this way... 

Prior to i960 there were few performance regulations affecting chemicals in industry and the environment. Some of the legislation that has since come into effect includes (1 )... 

In the eighth edition we carefully conformed to the language and style of the currently most-used textbooks, for example, using the term molar mass broadly, and eliminating molecular weight and the like. At least 15% of the problems in each chapter are new, and some old ones were dropped, so that the problems better reflect the practical situations of the laboratory, industry, and the environment. The use of SI units has been expanded further, but liter and atmosphere are retained where appropriate. 

C. A. Russell, Chemical industry and the environment a view from history , Chem. Australia, 1996, 63, 265-266. 

Cost Effective Production of Agrochemicals How to Satisfy the Needs of Farmers, Industry, and the Environment... 

Bridgwater AV and Cottam ML, "Costs and Opportunities for Biomass Pyrolysis Liquids Production and Upgrading", Proc 6th conference on Biomass for Energy, Industry and the Environment, Athens, (April 1991). 

V. Williams, Plastic Packaging for Pood The Ideal Solution for Consumers, Industry and the Environment, R 95 Recovery, Recycling, Re-integration. Proc. Cong. pp. II. 49-56 (1995). 

Metals separation and recovery is always of importance for industry and the environment. The theoretical and fundamental studies on metal transport through SLMs are advanced but still conducted toward implementation of laboratory-scale parameters to industrial applications [191]. This is related to the increased attention to improvement of selectivity and stability... 

Acids and bases are essential substances in home, industry, and the environment. In aqueous solution, water combines with the proton released from an acid to form the hydrated species represented by HgO laq). In the Arrhenius definition, acids contain H and yield HaO in water, bases contain OH and yield OH in water, and an acid-base reaction (neutralization) is the reaction of and OH to form HgO. Acid strength depends on [HaO" ] relative to [HA] in aqueous solution. Strong acids dissociate completely and weak acids slightly. The extent of dissociation is expressed by the acid-dissociation constant, K. Weak acids have values ranging from about 10 to 10 . Many acids and bases can be classified qualitatively as strong or weak based on their formulas. 

Mine disaster is extremely destructive. It can lead to irreversible damage not only to the life and property of thousands of miners, but also to coal industry and the environment in China. 

Agency in the US , the Environmental Protection Agency s (EPA) regulations in the US are described. The United States is a very advanced country and a major player in the world. Since the US stance in regards to industry and the environment differs from that of the EU, both are compared to provide an understanding of the political aspects for environmental regulations. Chapter Japanese Environmental Regulations shows how Japan, the other big player, has tackled with environmental problems to establish laws. 

Isherwood, K. F. 1992. Phosphate Industry and the Environment, IN Phosphate Fertilizers and the Environment, Workshop Proceedings, pp. 115-124, J. J, Schultz (Ed.), SP-18, International Fertilizer Devebpment Center, Muscle Shoals, AL, U.S.A. 

Horning, R. H. 1981. Carcinogenicity and azo dyes. Presented at the Textile Industry and the Environment Symposium, Washington, DC (March 30-31)... 

Acids, bases, and salts are vitally involved with life processes, agriculture, industry, and the environment (Figure 6.1). The most widely produced chemical is... 

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