Industrial plants, Japanese

Different variations of the Enichem process have been described that may show some improvements in selectivity and efficiency of the catalyst system, but they generally seem to be less attractive from the economic point of view and none of them has been realized until now. For example, since 1986 the Japanese company Daicel especially has applied for numerous patents on modifications of the Enichem process, in which dimethyl carbonate is prepared in the presence of catalyst systems that contain copper and palladium salts and additional modifiers, e. g., quinoid compounds and quatemery phosphonium halides [40-48]. Although Daicel has announced several times the constmction of an industrial plant for the production of dimethyl carbonate, all investment plans now seem to be put aside. The separation of the reaction product from the complicated catalyst system as well as the complete recycling of the palladium compounds, which is a necessary requirement for any economic process design, seem not to be solved sufficiently. 

At the same time, the coming of the PC revolution saved the American semiconductor industry. No Japanese competitor had any hope of entering the production of microprocessors and operating systems, which was protected by Intel s and Microsoft s economies of scale and scope. So, as the five American leaders were shutting down their memory plants, they were simultaneously building even larger microprocessor plants. 

Industrially, plant scale airlift devices have been used by Japanese. British. French and USA companies mainly for SCP production and waste treatment... 

Harvard economist. Dale Jorgensen, has reported that although Western societies are ahead in a nunber of advanced research fields, Japanese industrial plants had, by 1973, surpassed ours in regard to modern improvements. Their product, process, and marketing innovations, based on discoveries made in other parts of the world, is openly exhibited. 

This technique, widely used in U.S. plants during World War II, helped to ensure rehabihty and performance of military supphes. Once the war ended, SPG lost favor. However, in the face of rising Japanese product quahty, SPG was reintroduced. In the chemical industry the use of SPG continues to grow in popularity as a key element of an ongoing continuous improvement. 

At the time of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, no other plant existed in the U.S. capable of making anything larger than small arms ammunition. There was no knowledge elsewhere there were no detailed plans for whole industries elsewhere. Without the industrial know-how developed at Picatinny, the rapid conversion of commercial concerns to mass ammunition manufacture would have been impossible... 

Our PBDE results were consistent with reported data for river sediments. PBDEs were determined in Swedish river sediments at 8-50 ng/g dw [29]. Similar values were found in Japanese river sediments, with concentration levels between 21 and 59 ng/g dw [30]. Higher levels up to 1,400 ng/g dw were found in a downstream area of a manufacturing plant in United Kingdom [31] and at 120 ng/g dw downstream of an area with textile industries [29]. As regards data for HBCD, Sellstrom et al. [29] reported concentration levels between nd and 1,600 ng/g dw in river sediments from a Swedish river with numerous textile industries. 

China s chemical industry began with a 40,000 Ton/per year Caustic Soda Plant in 1914. A few plants producing basic industrial chemicals were built in the 1930 s. By 1949, what the Sino-Japanese War (WW II) did not destroy of China s chemical industry, the Soviets managed to dismantle and remove. 

The Japanese people live in a delicate micr0eCOsystem that can be easily polluted by industrial chemical accidents and the use of persistent agricultural chemicals. An intensive scientific effort has led to the isolation and identification of biodegradable natural products for potential use in agriculture. These include microbial metabolites that have activity against plants, microorganisms, nematodes, and insects. 

First commercial process utilizing plant cells to manufacture shikonin was developed by a Japanese firm. Mitsue Petrochemical Industries Ltd. in 1983. 

Japanese industries including Toshiba, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Fuji Electric, Toyo Tanso, Nuclear Fuel Industries, etc., are developing the HTGR jointly with JAEA. The industrial and public information exchange is supported by the Japan Atomic Industrial Forum (JAIF), the Research Association of High-temperature Gas-cooled Reactor Plant (RAHP), etc. 

Hemp is made from the bast fibers of Cannabis sativa. This is a larger plant than flax, and produces much coarser fibers. Abaca or Manila hemp is very different from plain hemp. Abaca is made from Musa textilis, commonly called the fiber banana plant. The core fibers of the leaf sheaths of this plant are resistant to salt water, which makes them useful for rope and fabric to be used at sea. It is also used to make handicrafts such as hats and household items. Paper made from abaca has a wide variety of uses, including paper currency (i.e. Japanese yen notes), sausage casings, industrial filters, and tea bags. The finest grade abaca is woven into a cloth called pinukpok. 

This is not, however, the method used to make Japanese beetle pheromone industrially. Resolution, as you have probably realized, is highly wasteful—if you want just one enantiomer, the other ends up being thrown away. In industrial synthesis, this is not an option unless recycling is possible, since chemical plants cannot afford the expense of disposing of such quantities of high-quality waste. So we need alternative methods of making single enantiomers. 

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