Who Made the Discovery

Who is the discoverer of an element. Is it the person who originally discovered the mineral and proved that an element, not earher detected, is present  

William Gregor and Martin Heinrich Klaproth at the end of the 18 century independently found titanium-containing minerals and isolated the oxide of an unknown metal. They could not solve the difRcult task of preparing the metal itself, which occurred later. They are, however, both known as the discoverers of titanium, and their achievements were indeed important. 

Or is the discoverer the scientist who first isolated the element oxide, reduced the oxide and had the new metal in his crucible  

Carl Wilhelm Scheele discovered the tungsten mineral scheelite. He isolated and thoroughly described tungsten oxide, which he called tungsten acid. However, he did not have an adequate furnace in his pharmacy to reduce the oxide to metal. This was done by the two Spanish d Elhuyar brothers who are always named as the discoverers. The history of element discoveries is rather random. 

When titanium dioxide, TiO, had been prepared from ilmenite and rutile it became an important task for chemistry and metallurgy to produce the element in metallic form. The attempts met with great difficulties that we, with our present knowledge, can fully understand. 

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This site contains a short history of the scientists who made the discoveries leading up to Mendeleyevs modern periodic table. 

Work Methods. When the commission decides to examine a problem, it is frequently at the request of a national institution of nomenclature. In the course of this survey not only are groups affiliated to the Union consulted, but also distinguished scientists who are specialists on the subject. New substances extracted from a biological product usually keep the name given by the person who made the discovery. This is possible only when the name is not too remote from the usual rules of nomenclature. 

When the name originally suggested by the person who made the discovery is to be replaced or modified, the commission approaches the scientist himself. 

When a new element is discovered in nature, it has been customary to allow the person who made the discovery to name the element. When an artificial element is newly synthesized, a similar custom has been followed. The person who leads the team of scientists working on the synthesis proposes the name of the new element. That is, this has been the custom until recently. 

Following the discovery of luciferin and luciferase by Dubois, the person who made the greatest contribution to the knowledge of... 

These elements have all been named for famous scientists or for the places of their creation. For example, americium, berkelium, and californium were named after obvious geographical locations. Nobelium was named for the Nobel Institute, although later study proved it was not really created there. Curium was named for Marie Curie, the discoverer of radium. Einsteinium was named for the famous physicist, Albert Einstein. Fermium and lawrencium were named for Enrico Fermi and Ernest O. Lawrence, who made important discoveries in the field of radioactivity. Mendelevium was named for the discoverer of the periodic chart. 

To learn more about scientists who made important discoveries in electrochemistry, such as Galvani, Volta, and Faraday, go to the web site above. Click on Web Links to find out where to go next. 

Once again, Robison, in defending Black against what he took to be De Luc s unjustified pretensions to have made the discovery, stated that Black was the first Man who had conceived Heat or Fire as a constituent part of all Fluid and Gases ,44... 

Barbituric acid was first synthesized in 1864 by Adolph von Baeyer. It apparently was named at a tavern on St. Barbara s day and is derived from urea. At the turn of the century the great chemist Emil Fischer synthesized the first hypnotic (sleep-inducing) barbiturate, the 5,5-diethyl derivative, at the direction of von Mering. Von Mering, who made the seminal discovery that removal of the pancreas causes diabetes, named the new derivative of barbituric acid Veronal because he regarded Verona as the most restful city on earth. 

The man who made this discovery was Auer. He selected these two names because they mean new twin (neodymium) and green twin (praseodymium). The elements were called twins because they were both so much like lanthanum. 

Chemistry is an ancient science dating back to at least 1000 b.c., when early "chemists" discovered how to isolate metals from ores and how to preserve bodies by using embalming fluids. The Greeks were the first to try to figure out why chemical changes occur. By 400 b.c., they had proposed a system of four elements fire, earth, water, and air. The next 2000 years of chemical history were dominated by a pseudoscience called alchemy. Although many alchemists were fakes and mystics, some were serious scientists who made important discoveries. 

FIGURE 169. These thermometers (see text) are found in the 1735 English edition of Herman Boerhaave s Elements of Chemistry. Boerhaave was not a distinguished chemist who made primary discoveries but rather a distinguished teacher of chemistry and medicine who helped introduce clinical teaching into medical school curricula. 

If insulin revolutionized diabetes mellitus treatment, cortisone discovery was another revolution in inflammatory and arthritis management. The discovery of corticosteroids as a therapeutic can be linked to Thomas Addison (1793-1860), who made the connection between the adrenal glands and the rare Addison s disease in 1855.Edward C, Kendall (1886-1972) at the Mayo Clinic (Rochester, USA) and Tadeus Reichstein (1897 -1996) at the University of Basel (Switzerland) independently isolated several hormones from the adrenal cortex. In 1948, Kendall and Philip S. Hench (1896-1965) demonstrated the successful treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis using cortisone. Kendall, Reichstein, and Hench were awarded the 1950 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for determining the structure and biological effects of adrenal cortex hormones. 

When the geologists who made the original discovery reported by radio that they had found several iron... 

It is by no means clear that Becquetel was the first to discover radioactivity, contrary to the most accounts and, indeed, the one given here. See T. Rothman, Everything s Relative, WUey, Hoboken, NJ, 2003, pp. 46—52. Rothman makes a very good case for the prior discovery by Abel Niepce de Saint-Victor, who was the brother ofJoseph-Nicephore Niepce, who made the first ever photographic image. 

Kuhn, Richard (1900-67) German chemist who worked on enzymes and the three-dimensional structure of molecules (stereochemistry) and who made important discoveries in the field of vitamins, especially vitamin A. He was awarded the 1938 Nobel Prize in chemistry. 

Fibonacci Leonardo of Pisa (-1170-1230) It. math., best known for his book of Abacus, putting thus end to old Roman system of numerical notations, his series are now called Fibonacci s Pick Adolf Eugen (1829—1901) Ger. physiol, who made important discoveries in every branch of psychology, well-knownfor the Law of difftision (Ann. Phys. 94(1855)59) named after him Flynn Joseph Henry (1922-) US phys., known for Flynn kinetic evaluation method Fourier Jean Baptiste Joseph (1768—1830) Fr. math., evolved mathematical series knovm by his name and important in harmonic analysis, providing source of all modem methods in mathematical physics, originated Fourier s theorem on vibratory motions... 

Charles s law A law that states the relation between the volume of a gas and its temperature. It states that the volume of a given mass of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature at constant pressure. It was proposed by Jacques Charles (1746-1823) although he never published it. Gay-Lussac (1778-1850), who had made the discovery in 1802, acknowledged that Citizen Charles had remarked on it fifteen years earUen... 

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