Industrial leak testing

There they will be examined individually using the integral methods and automatically moved on. Specimens found to be leaking will be shunted to the side. 

The advantages of the helium test method, seen from the industrial point of view, may be summarized as follows  

Use of the helium test method will result in considerable increases in efficiency (cycling times being only a matter of seconds in length) and lead to a considerable increase in testing reliability. As a result of this and due to the EN/ISO 9000 requirements, traditional industrial test methods (water bath, soap bubble test, etc.) will now largely be abandoned. 

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The second encapsulation must be put on remotely and requires facilities such as shown in Figures 3 and 4. Methods for providing this remote encapsulation, including remote welding, remote leak testing, and remote radiation assay, were developed at Brookhaven. These techniques were made available to industry, and several of the above companies can now provide these services. 

Leak Testing. Sealed capsules of sales packages and industrial sources are pressurized in 300 psi helium for 20 minutes. Leak tests are performed on individual capsules in a helium leak detector whose lower limit of detection is 1.0 x 10 8 standard cubic centimeters of helium per second. All capsules must show no detectable leak. 

The RNNP requirement to split tests of isolation valves into Closure tests and Leak tests was not formulated until late 2006, and there are no companies that have reported this before 2007. The industry values also apply to 2007. 

Periodically inspecting and testing pipes and containers. You need to visually inspect aboveground pipes and oil containers according to industry standards buried pipes need to be leak tested when they are installed or repaired. Include a written record of inspections in the plan. 

The helium detection without using expensive high vacuum and without critical components is desirable for leak testing of industrial plants. In recent years a new type of helium sensor was therefore developed, which can detect helium selective and sensitive, without requiring high vacuum conditions and without the need of hot cathode filaments. It is reahsed a simple and rehable hehum detector with this so-called Wise Technology sensor, which is particularly suitable for industrial plants. 

Losses associated with startup and shutdown of equipment and aitire units are common (e.g., a notable industry incident occurred in 1989 with the Piper Alpha North Sea platform loss). As with any operating procedure development, employees should be involved for their insight and concurrence. Particular care should always be given when developing equipment startup and shutdown procedures. This includes commissioning new faciUties (e.g., purging and leak testing). 

When constmction is complete, the pipeline must be tested for leaks and strength before being put into service industry code specifies the test procedures. Water is the test fluid of choice for natural gas pipelines, and hydrostatic testing is often carried out beyond the yield strength in order to reHeve secondary stresses added during constmction or to ensure that all defects are found. Industry code limits on the hoop stress control the test pressures, which are also limited by location classification based on population. Hoop stress is calculated from the formula, S = PD/2t, where S is the hoop stress in kPa (psig) P is the internal pressure in kPa (psig), and D and T are the outside pipe diameter and nominal wall thickness, respectively, in mm (in.). 

In most tests, molten aluminum was poured into a vessel containing water. In a few instances, however, water was injected onto or below a pool of aluminum. The first type of experiment would model one of the more familiar types of industrial accidents, i.e., one in which an ingot break or a furnace leak allowed molten aluminum to contact a source of... 

The detection of a test gas using mass spectrometers is far and away the most sensitive leak detection method and the one most widely used in industry. The MS leak detectors developed for this purpose make possible quantitative measurement of leak rates in a range extending aaoss many powers of ten (see Section 5.2) whereby the lower limit = 10 mbar l/s, thus making it possible to demonstrate the inherent gas permeability of solids where helium is used as the test gas. It is actually possible in principle to detect all gases using mass spectrometry. Of all the available options, the use of helium as a tracer gas has proved to be especially practical. The detection of helium using the mass spectrometer is absolutely ( ) unequivocal. Helium is chemically inert, non-explosive, non-toxic, is present in normal air in a concentration of only 5 ppm and is quite economical. Two types of mass spectrometer are used in commercially available MSLD s ... 

Perfluorocarbon fluids, such as the Flutec range (F2 Chemicals Ltd), find many uses in the electronics industry. For instance, the complete immersion of electronic components in a bath of perfluorocarbon fluid can efficiently cool overheated circuits and, by a similar process, the airtight packaging aroimd highly valuable and sensitive equipment can be tested in complete safety for leaks. 

Before the start of the operational testing of JACADS, the Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs received an allegation that JACADS air filtration system did not meet industry standards. The air filtration system was one of the last systems the contractors had to test and accept before the plant could go operational. Initially the filter system could not pass the test because of welding leaks, inadequate filter clamps, and gaps in the charcoal trays. The operations and maintenance contractor and the air filtration contractor corrected these problems, and the system has performed according to the Army s specifications with no breakdowns affecting destruction rates. The air filtration contractor has also won the contract to provide similar systems for the follow-on facilities in the continental United States. 

PAHs are frequently found contaminating soils in industrial areas, where they are spilled or leaked from oil and gas storage tanks. In laboratory testing utilizing pyrene-contaminated clay loam sod, FeJ p) particles were demonstrated to remove 62% of the pyrene within 60 minutes, using a Fe ) concentration of 0.15 g/g of soil (26). Acid treatment of the Fe p) immediately prior to usage (to remove Fe oxides formed by reactions with moist air) was necessary to achieve this result. 

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