Industrial Design Examples

The history of these three lamp types offers as good an example as I know of the mechanism of challenge and response in industrial design. Several more major electric lamp types have been introduced during the past century - one of them will be outlined in the next section - but competition did not eliminate any of them. 

The scope of this chapter is to show how to select a strategy and to make calculations to provide efficient room air conditioning for an industrial enclosure. Design examples for simplified scenarios include different ways to condition industrial halls. 

Sparks resulting from static charge and discharge continue to cause major fires and explosions within the chemical industry. The examples and fundamentals developed in these sections were designed to emphasize the importance of this subject. Hopefully this emphasis on the fundamentals will make the subject less elusive and destructive. 

In this chapter, we tackle the integration design and coordination of a multisite refinery network. The main feature of the chapter is the development of a simultaneous analysis strategy for process network integration through a mixed-integer linear program (MILP). The performance of the proposed model in this chapter is tested on several industrial-scale examples to illustrate the economic potential and trade-offs involved in the optimization of the network. 

The second section of the book details application of instrumentation and numerical analysis to spectroscopic analyses in a number of fields. The applications cover fields such as materials science (Chapters 5-8), biomedical science (Chapters 9-11) and agricultural and food sciences (Chapters 12 and 13). Chapter 5 details the application of mid-IR FUR spectroscopic imaging to multicomponent polymeric systems, salient features of data analysis for these systems, and a number of examples. Chapter 6 describes the utility of multichannel detectors to catalyst development and provides examples to demonstrate the translation of laboratory concepts to viable industrial catalysis. Chapter 7 provides an overview, and examples, of the application of near-IR imaging systems to the real world in real time . Issues in the industrial design and analysis of several commercial products are detailed in Chapter 8. 

PET, on the other hand, is a radioactive modality of tomography. Examples of PET applications in industrial process include imaging of slurry mixtures in STR, dispersion of particle pulse in gas-solid fluidized beds, and visualization of multi-phase fluids through sudden expansions. Although such methods require sophisticated facilities, due to the nature of the radiation source, they provide accurate data for detailed model comparison which is of major benefit for industrial design and operation. 

The necessity to label (deuterate) the systems under study may appear as a practical drawback. It often prevents working with real (industrially designed) materials. A way to circumvent this problem is to use labelled molecules as 2H NMR probes whose behaviour reflects that of the rubber matrix. These molecules may be solvent molecules or even polymer chains chemically identical to the rubber matrix itself. This approach is described in Section 15.4 and is illustrated by a few examples. 

The purpose of this guideline is to present methods and design examples of postrelease mitigation methods which are in current industrial use, and to assess areas where further research is needed. 

We first review in Part 1 the basics of plantwide control. We illustrate its importance by highlighting the unique characteristics that arise when operating and controlling complex integrated processes. The steps of our design procedure are described. In Part 2, we examine how the control of individual unit operations fits within the context of a plantwide perspective. Reactors, heat exchangers, distillation columns, and other unit operations are discussed. Then, the application of the procedure is illustrated in Part 3 with four industrial process examples the Eastman plantwide control process, the butane isomerization process, the HDA process, and the vinyl acetate monomer process. 

In this chapter we outline the nine basic steps of a general heuristic plantwide control design procedure (Luyben et al., 1997). After some preliminary discussion of the fundamentals on which this procedure is based, we outline each step in general terms. We also summarize our justification for the sequence of steps. The method is illustrated in applications to four industrial process examples in Part 3. 

Now that we have laid the groundwork by looking at the control of individual unit operations, we are ready to return to the plantwide control problem. In the next four chapters we illustrate the application of the nine-step design procedure with four industrial process examples. 

These examples show the importance of performing bench-scale tests as part of the process and catalyst development, but it also illustrates the importance of applying the pseudo-adiabatic reactor principle to observe the deactivation phenomena and to ensure reliable, adiabatic bench-scale tests when providing data for industrial design. 

The design examples presented in this section cover a wide range of waste water neutralization problems. The examples studied confirm the power of the design methods developed. We consider that the success of the integrated design approach on this challenging and industrially important problem area establishes... 

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