Industrial denatured alcohol

Industrial Denatured Alcohol/Trade Specific Denatured Alcohol ... 

Denatured Ethanol. Eor hundreds of years alcohoHc beverages have been taxed all over the world to generate government revenue. When ethanol emerged as a key industrial raw material, the alcohol tax was recognized as a burden to many essential manufacturing industries. To lift this burden, the Tax-Eree Industrial and Denatured Alcohol Act of 1906 was passed in the United States. The U.S. Treasury, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (BATE), now oversees the production, procurement, and use of ethanol in the United States. 

Completely Denatured Alcohol. Completely denatured alcohol (CD A) escapes the involved financial and administrative controls required of the other classifications of industrial ethanol. No tax is appHed, no bond is required, no permit is needed to enable a customer to purchase CD A. Requirements for records by both producer and user are minimal. These simplified regulations are possible because CDA is denatured with substances that render it totally unfit for beverage purposes. It is also unsuitable where odor is objectionable. CDA and products made from it are, however, governed by special labeling requirements of the BATE. Repackaging of completely denatured alcohol is permitted as long as labeling requirements are met. 

Proprietary Solvents and Special Industrial Solvents. Proprietary solvents and special industrial solvents are made with specially denatured alcohols according to the formulas authorized by the BATE. They can be purchased by customers without payment of tax, without posting a bond for tax, and without securing a permit from the BATE. SuppHers are required, however, to notify the BATE of the name, address, type of business, and approximate annual requirements and intended end use for any user buying in bulk. 

Used industrially for the manufacture of flavorings, perfumes, acrolein, diallyl phthalate, diallyl isophthalate, and pharmaceuticals used to denature alcohol. Used agriculturally as herbicide and fungicide. 

Taxanes, 24 553-554 Taxes, plant location and, 79 530 Tax-Free Industrial and Denatured Alcohol Act of 1906, 70 553 Taxol, 24 553 Taxotere, 24 554... 

The strength of alcohol commonly used in the US is 95% (190 proof), while 96% is used in Europe. For prepn of perfumes the 70% alcobol is used. TTie so-called absolute alcobol (200 proof) is at least 99% and its use is restricted. to analytical purposes or research. The so-called industrial alcohol is unfit to drink because it contains up to 5% methanol (wood alcohol) or benzene. Such alcohol is known as denatured and it is briefly described in Vol 3 of Encycl, p D63-R. Denatured alcohol is used as a solvent for expls, rocket fuels, rubbers, detergents, etc. Mixture of 1 part alcobol with 2 parts eth (described in Vol 5 of Encycl as Diethyl Ether) used as a solvent in dehydration of Pyrocellulose in manuf of single-base propint, such as described in Davis (Ref 2) and also on p C399 of Vol 3 of Encycl, under "Colloiding Agents and Colloidal Propellants ... 

The current synthesis of ethyl alcohol eliminates sulfuric acid and uses phosphoric acid suspended on zeolite substrates. Zeohtes are porous aluminosilicate crystalline minerals. The use of phosphoric acid as a catalyst allows the direct hydrolysis of ethylene into ethyl alcohol C2H4 + H20 —> C2H5OH. Industrial alcohol is rendered inconsumable by adding a small amount of a poisonous substance such as methanol or acetone to it. Alcohol unfit for consumption because of a poisonous additive is termed denatured alcohol. 

Other important raw material uses of ethyl alcohol are conversion to esters and ethers, vinegar, ethyl chloride, butadiene, styrene, and chloral (for DDT). Nearly all the new developments in chemicals from ethyl alcohol, particularly the four-, six-, and eight-carbon derivatives are based on alcohol derived from petroleum. The butyl alcohol and butyl acetate so made supplement the production by fermentation and from oxidation of hydrocarbons and synthesis gas operations. The consumption of ethyl alcohol for all industrial uses (denatured alcohol) exceeded 1.2 billion pounds (100% basis) in 1950. More than 700,000,000 pounds of this were made from petroleum. 

Denatured Alcohol Ethanol that contains a small amount of a toxic substance, such as methanol or gasoline, which cannot be removed easily by chemical or physical means. Alcohols intended for industrial use must be denatured to avoid federal alcoholic beverage tax. 

Benzensulphonic salt of amlodipine was prepared as follows Amlodipine base (65.6 g, 0.161 mols) was slurried in industrial methylated spirit (denatured alcohol, 326.4 ml) and cooled to 5°C. Benzensulphonic acid (26.2 g, 0.168 mols) was dissolved in industrial methylated spirit (65.6 ml) at 5°C and added to base. The resulting slurry was then granulated, filtered and washed with 2 volumes the same solvent (65.6 ml). The damp solid was slurred at 5°C for 1 hr in 327.6 ml industrial methylated spirit, filtered, washed with 2 volumes of the same solvent (65.6 ml) and dried under vacuum at 55°C for 24 hr. A yield of besylate salt of amlodipine 65 g. 

Perfumes, colognes and toilet waters are solutions of perfume oils in specially denatured alcohols, (ethyl alcohol with various denaturants which make it unsuitable for human consumption). In addition, ethanol is used as a solvent for flavors, as an extraction solvent for many natural products and as a reagent for the production of many ethyl esters. Summing up all these uses, the quantity of ethanol used in the fragrance and flavor industry tops all other alcohols by far. 

Synonyms industrial methylated spirit surgical spirit. Comments denatured alcohol is alcohol intended for external use only. It has been rendered unfit for human consumption by the addition of a denaturing agent such as methanol or methyl isobutyl ketone. 

On the shelves of drugstores you can find bottles of ethanol labeled denatured alcohol. Denatured alcohol is ethanol to which small amounts of noxious materials such as aviation gasoline or other organic solvents have been added. Ethanol is denatured in order to make it unfit to drink. Because of their polar hydroxyl groups, alcohols make good solvents for other polar organic substances. For example, methanol, the smallest alcohol, is a common industrial solvent found in some paint strippers, and 2-butanol is found in some stains and varnishes, as shown in Figure 23-5. Perform the CHEMLAB at the end of this chapter to learn about some other properties of small-chain alcohols. 

See alcohol, denatured alcohol, industrial biomass. Note Ethanol from fermentation of biomass and hydrolysis of cellulose is a significant alternate energy source, especially as an automotive fuel. Its use in gasoline will continue to increase. 

Competitive inhibition is the basis for the treatment of some intoxications (e.g., methyl alcohol, ethylene glycol). Methanol, which is widely used industrially as a solvent, is added to ethanol (ethyl alcohol) to make it unsuitable for human consumption. Such adulterated alcohol is commonly known as denatured alcohol. Methanol is metabolized primarily in the liver and kidney by oxidation to formaldehyde and formic acid ... 

Use Most ethyl alcohol is used in alcoholic beverages in suitable dilutions. Other uses are as solvent in laboratory and industry, in the manufacture of denatured alcohol, pharmaceuticals (rubbing compds, lotions, tonics, colognes), in perfumery, in organic synthesis. Octane booster in gasoline. Pharmaceutic aid (solvent). 

In discussing the manufacture of denatured alcohol in the United States the editor of the Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry says that denatured alcohol was first allowed to be manufactured tax-free in the United States by an act of Congress dated June 7, 1906. Since that date up to the time of the signing of the Armistice, denatured alcohol steadily increased. The demands for completely denatured alcohol and specially denatured alcohol have been gradually increasing and broadening. 

Prepare a tabulated report, using tabulated format, on the physical and chemical properties of the raw materials, intermediate products, by-products, and principal chemicals which will be encountered in the manufacture of (a) maleic anhydric hydrazide (fe) ethylene (r) uranium hexafluoride (solvent extraction (/) denatured alcohol from potatoes or any selected industrial chemical product. 

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