Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry ICP-OES

6 Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) 

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Thiel G, Danzer K (1997) Direct analysis of mineral components in wine by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Fresenius J Anal Chem 357 553... 

Atomic techniques such as atomic absorption spectrometry (AA), inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), have been widely used in the pharmaceutical industry for metal analysis.190-192 A content uniformity analysis of a calcium salt API tablet formulation by ICP-AES exhibited significantly improved efficiency and fast analysis time (1 min per sample) compared to an HPLC method.193... 

The samples were air-dried at room temperature, sieved to < 63 pm and analysed by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy combined with an energy dispersive system (SEM-EDS). For chemical analysis, samples were submitted to an extraction with Aqua Regia and analysed by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP/OES). Firing experiments were performed following the procedure described by Brindley Brown (1980). 

Soil samples were wet sieved into (a) 2-4 mm, (b) 1-2 mm, (c) 0.5-1 mm, (d) 250-500 i m, (e) 125-250 am, (f) 63-125 j,m and (g) <63 j.m fractions. A ferruginous/magnetic fraction (m) was also prepared from the 2-4 mm fraction. Soil fractions were crushed, digested with HNO3/HCI/HF/HCIO4 and then analysed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) for Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Na, P, S and Zn. Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to determine Ag, As, Cd, Pb and Sb because of the lower detection limits by this method. The mineralogy of selected samples was determined by qualitative X-ray diffractometry. 

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) needs careful extraction of the relevant information to obtain satisfactory models and several chemometric studies were found. Indeed, many ICP spectroscopists have applied multivariate regression and other multivariate methods to a number of problems. An excellent review has recently been published on chemometric modelling and applications of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) [79]. 

Particle diameter Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) Fourier transform infrared spectrometry Mass spectrometry X-ray fluorescence Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy X-ray absorption near edge (XANES) spectroscopy Static and dynamic laser light scattering Scanning probe technologies... 

Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES)... 

Furthermore, it is desired that atomization and excitation occur in an inert chemical environment to minimize possible interferences. Different flame, spark, and arc somces have been used as the excitation sources since the beginning of the twentieth century however, none of these approximates the fiiU fist of conditions fisted above. It was not until mid-1960s when the analytically useful plasma sources were developed, subsfantially improving fhe capabilities of OES. The first commercially available inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was introduced in 1974 and since then the revival of OES can be noted. 

Other Analytical Techniques Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) or ICP AES can be used to simultaneously determine an average of 70 elements in a wide diversity of matrices. The benefits of this technique are as follows [16] ... 

Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (ETAAS) e.g. Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GFAAS) Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (ASV)... 

In the last 20 years atomic spectroscopy has made great strides, particularly with the introduction of new improved optic designs and detection methods. These improvements have led to superior resolution of the wavelengths of the excited atoms and detection techniques measuring lower levels of metals with ease. After a slow and problematic start, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) has become an established technique in most laboratories analysing a wide range of sample matrices reporting accurate and precise results. 

Tire three strong Tell lines were used as sensitive emission lines for the determination of Tc by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), which achieves a detection limit of around 4 pg Tc/1. The convenience of this approach makes it particularly suitable for on-line HPLC detection in speciation studies at enhanced environmental technetium levels [39]. Examples of this type of procedure for the determination of elements arc described in reviews [40,41 ]. 

Trace amounts of titanium can be determined by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, neutron activation analysis (NAA), atomic absorption techniques (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). In case of AAS, a high-temperature flame (nitrous oxide, acetylene) is essential, and the optimum wavelengths are 364.3 and 365.4 nm the sensitivity is low. With the graphite furnace, a lower detection limit of approximately 0.5 xg L can be achieved. ICP-OES is especially sensitive, and is the recommended instrumental... 

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