Induction polychlorinated biphenyls

Gellert, R.J. (1978). Uterotrophic activity of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and induction of precocious reproductive aging in neonatally treated female rats. Environmental Research 16, 123-130. 

Clemons, J.H., L.E.J. Lee, C.R. Myers, D.G. Dixon, and N.C. Bols. 1996. Cytochrome P4501A1 induction by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in liver cell lines from rat and trout and the derivation of toxic equivalency factors. Canad. Jour. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 53 1177-1185. 

Goldstein, J.A., P. Hickman, H. Bergaman, J.D. McKinney, and M.P Walker. 1977. Separation of pure polychlorinated biphenyl isomers into two types of inducers on the basis of induction of cytochrome P-450 or P-448. Chem.-Biol. Interact. 17 69-87. 

Rifkind, A.B., A. Firpo, Jr., and D.R. Alonso. 1984. Coordinate induction of cytochrome P-448 mediated mixed function oxidases and histopathologic changes produced acutely in chick embryo liver by polychlorinated biphenyl congeners. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 72 343-354. 

Lidman, U., F8rlin, L., Molander, 0. and Axelson, G. Induction of the drug metabolizing system in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii) liver by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Acta Pharmacol, et Toxicol. (1976) 39., 262-272. 

Induction of Hepatic Microsomal Monooxvgenation in the Rainbow Trout by Selected Polychlorinated Biphenyls... 

For halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) the binding to the aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor regulates their toxicity [89]. The Ah receptor controls the induction of one of the cytochrome P450 enzymes in the liver. Toxic responses such as thymic atrophy, iveight loss, immu-notoxicity and acute lethality are associated ivith the relative affinity of PCBs, PCDFs and PCDDs for the Ah receptor [89]. The quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models predicting the affinity of the halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons ivith the Ah receptor describe the electron acceptor capability as well as the hydrophobicity and polarizability of the chemicals [89[. 

Madra S, Smith AG. 1992. Induction of cytochrome F450 activities by polychlorinated biphenyls in isolated mouse hepatocytes. Influence of Ah-phenotype and iron. Biochem Pharmacol 44(3) 455-464. 

Planar and nonplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (Fig. 5.2) differ in the type of induction they will cause. Thus, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5 -hexachlorobiphenyl is a planar molecule, which is an inducer of the polycyclic hydrocarbon type. 2, 2, 4, 4, 6, 6 -Hexachlorobiphenyl is a nonplanar molecule due to the steric hindrance between the chlorine atoms in positions 2 and 6 and is a phenobarbital type of inducer. The variety and type of inducing agents are shown in Table 5.21. Some compounds may indeed be mixed types of inducers, and thus mixtures of planar and nonplanar polychlorinated biphenyls are found to act as inducers of both the polycyclic and phenobarbital type. 

This type of induction is caused by a large group of environmental chemicals, both natural such as plant indoles and man made such as polycyclic hydrocarbons. Examples include benzo [a]pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene, 3-methylcholanthrene, p-napthoflavone, polychlorinated biphenyls and benzo-p-dioxins, and dibenzofurans. Many of these compounds are of interest as they are carcinogenic. 

H114 E Rat hepatoma Hepatocyte Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) Induction of CYP1A1... 

Structure-Induction versus Structure-Toxicity Relationships for Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Related Aromatic Hydrocarbons. 

Piittmann, M. Mannschreck, A. Oesch, F. Robertson, L., Chiral effects in the induction of drug-metabolizing enz3mies using synthetic atropisomers of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) Biochem. Pharmacol 1989, 38, 1345-1352. 

Rodman, L.E. Shedlofsky, S.I. Mannschreck, A. Piittmann, M. Swim, A.T. Robertson, L.W., Differential potency of atropisomers of polychlorinated biphenyls on c3ftochrome P450 induction and uroporphyrin accumulation in the chick emhryo hepatoc3he culture Biochem. Pharmacol 1991, 41, 915-922. 

Buckman, A.H. Brown, S.B. Small, J. Muir, D.C.G. Parrott, J. Solomon, K.R. Fisk, A.T., Role of temperature and enzyme induction in the biotransformation of polychlorinated biphenyls and bioformation of hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls by rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss). Environ Sci. Technol. 2007, 41, 3856-3863. 

Shimada, T., Sugie, A., Shindo, M., Nakajima, T., Azuma, E., Hashimoto, M., Inoue, K. (2003). Tissue-specific induction of cytochromes P4501A1 and IBl by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in engineered C57BL/6J mice of arylhydrocarbon receptor gene. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 187 1-10. 

Polychlorinated biphenyls are stiU used in large quantities in electrical and condenser technology. One of the main members of this group of substances is perchlorobiphenyl (PCB). In fires involving polychlorinated biphenyls, toxic dioxins can be released. Biphenyls lead to powerful induction of the cytochrome P-450 system. Following exposure, biphenyls can be detected in adipose tissue and breast milk. Severe cases of liver damage, including fatalities, have been reported. 

J. T. Borlakoglu, R. R. Dils, Induction of hepatic cytochrome P-450IA1 in pigeons treated in vivo with Aroclor 1254, a commercial mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), Chem. Brit., (1991) 815-818. 

Melancon, M.J., C.R. Elcombe, M.J. Vodicnik and J.J. Lech. Induction of cytochromes P450 and mixed-function oxidase activity by polychlorinated biphenyls and beta-naphthoflavone in carp (Cyprinus carpio). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 69C 219-226, 1981. 

Perez, L.M., M.C. Novoa Valinas and M.J. Melgar Riol. Induction of cytosolic glutathione S-transferases from Atlantic eel (Anguilla anguilla) after intraperitoneal treatment with polychlorinated biphenyls. Sci. 

Mitchell CE, Fischer JP, Dahl AR. 1987. Differential induction of cytochrome P-450 catalyzed activities by polychlorinated biphenyls and benzo[a]pyrene in B6C3Fi Mouse liver and lung. Toxicology 43 315-323. 

Connor K, Safe S, Jefcoate CR, et al. 1995. Structure-dependent induction of CYP2B by polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Biochem Pharmacol 50(11) 1913-1920. 

Huang S, Gibson GG. 1992. Species and congener specific induction of hepatic cytochrome P4504A by polychlorinated biphenyls. Biochem Pharmacol 43 637-639. 

Kato Y, Haraguchi K, Kawashima M, et al. 1995. Induction of hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes by methylsulphonyl metabolites of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in rats. Chem Biol Interact 95 257-268. 

Kimbrough RD, Linder RE. 1974. Induction of adenofibrosis and hepatomas in the liver of Balb/cJ mice by polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclor 1254). J Natl Cancer Inst 53 547-552. 

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