Polychlorinated biphenyls isomers

Goldstein, J.A., P. Hickman, H. Bergaman, J.D. McKinney, and M.P Walker. 1977. Separation of pure polychlorinated biphenyl isomers into two types of inducers on the basis of induction of cytochrome P-450 or P-448. Chem.-Biol. Interact. 17 69-87. 

Marks, T.A., G.L. Kimmel, and R.E. Staples. 1981. Influence of symmetrical polychlorinated biphenyl isomers on embryo and fetal development in mice. I. Teratogenicity of 3,3, 4,4, 5,5 -hexachlorobiphenyl. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 61 269-276. 

Haque, R., Schmedding, D. (1976) Studies on the adsorption of selected polychlorinated biphenyl isomers on several surfaces. J. Environ. Sci. Health Bll(2), 129-137. 

Webb, R.G., McCall, A.C. (1972) Identities of polychlorinated biphenyl isomers in Aroclors. J. Assoc. OfFic. Anal. Chem. 55, 746. Weber Jr., W.J., Voice, T.C., Pirbazari, M., Hunt, G.E., Ulanoff, D.M. (1983) Sorption of hydrophobic compounds by sediments, soils and suspended solids-H. Water Res. 17(10), 1443-1452. 

Haraguchi, K., H. Kuroki, and Y. Masuda. 1987. Synthesis and characterization of tissue-retainable methylsulfonyl polychlorinated biphenyl isomers. J. Agric. Food Chem. 35 178-182. 

Ramus, T.L., Hein, S.J., and Thomas, L.C., Determinations of polychlorinated biphenyl isomers by response factor calibration. J. Chromatogr. A, 404, 155, 1987. 

Not all of these isomers are completely separated by the conditions given here, but all arc readily detected by plotting the masses of the molecular ions. Pesticides can interfere with polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) analysis. 

An important application of carbon-skeleton gas chromatography is the simplification of the analysis of complex samples such as polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated biphenyls and polychloroalkanes [709-711], These complex mixtures of halogenated isomers produce multiple peaks when separated by gas chromatography, making quantitation difficult. The isomers have identical carbon skeletons, resulting in a very simple chromatogram after hydrodechlorination. 

Fig. 5. Relationship between the distribution (partition) coefficient on dimethyl dihydrogenated tallow montmorillonite for a range of non-ionic organic pollutants and their corresponding solubility in water. BHC is benzene hexachloride, the y-isomer of which is known as lindane aroclor 1232 and aroclor 1252 denote mixtures of polychlorinated biphenyls containing about 32 and 52% chlorine, respectively. After Beall (2003).

Borlakoglu, J.T., J.P.G. Wilkins, C.H. Walker, and R.R. Dils. 1990. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in fisheating seabirds. III. Molecular features and metabolic interpretations of PCB isomers and congeners in adipose tissues. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 97C 173-177. 

Gebhart, J.E., T.L. Hayes, A.L. Alford-Stevens, and W.L. Budde. 1985. Mass spectrometric determination of polychlorinated biphenyls as isomer groups. Anal. Chem. 57 2458-2463. 

Kannan, N., S. Tanabe, A. Borrell, A. Aguilar, S. Focardi, and R. Tatsukawa. 1993. Isomer-specific analysis and toxic evaluation of polychlorinated biphenyls in striped dolphins affected by an epizootic in the western Mediterranean Sea. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 25 227-233. 

Stalling, D.L. and T.R. Schwartz. 1987. Classification of polychlorinated biphenyl residues isomer vs. homologue concentrations in modeling Aroclors and polychlorinated biphenyl residues. Anal. Chem. 59 1853-1859. 

The quantitative environmental analysis of surfactants, such as alcohol ethoxylates, alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs) and linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LASs), is complicated by the presence of a multitude of isomers and oligomers in the source mixtures (see Chapter 2). This issue bears many similarities to the quantitation problems that have occurred with halogenated aromatic compound mixtures, e.g. polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) [1]. 

The first scientists to investigate the coastal atmospheric presence of APs were Van Ry and Dachs, in a study conducted in the Hudson river estuary. GC-MS analyses showed that atmospheric NP isomer mixtures have a similar composition to technical mixtures, with relatively high total concentrations in the range of 0.0002—0.069 xg m-3 in the gas phase, and 0.0001-0.051 p,gm-3 in the aerosol phase. These concentrations are higher than those of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and up to two orders of magnitude higher than polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations in impacted urban-industrial areas [32]. 

Application of Soft Independent Method of Class Analogy (SIMCA) in Isomer Specific Analysis of Polychlorinated Biphenyls... 

A principal components multivariate statistical approach (SIMCA) was evaluated and applied to interpretation of isomer specific analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) using both a microcomputer and a main frame computer. Capillary column gas chromatography was employed for separation and detection of 69 individual PCB isomers. Computer programs were written in AMSII MUMPS to provide a laboratory data base for data manipulation. This data base greatly assisted the analysts in calculating isomer concentrations and data management. Applications of SIMCA for quality control, classification, and estimation of the composition of multi-Aroclor mixtures are described for characterization and study of complex environmental residues. 

Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) Polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) Pentachlorophenol Short chain chlorinated paraffins Hexachlorocyclohexane isomers Mercury and organic mercury compounds Cadmium... 

Pattern recognition studies on complex data from capillary gas chromatographic analyses were conducted with a series of microcomputer programs based on principal components (SIMCA-3B). Principal components sample score plots provide a means to assess sample similarity. The behavior of analytes in samples can be evaluated from variable loading plots derived from principal components calculations. A complex data set was derived from isomer specific polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBS) analyses of samples from laboratory and field studies. 

---