Toxicity dioxin

Fanelb, R., M.P. Bertoni, M.G. Castelli, C. Chiabrando, G.P. Martelh, A. Noseda, S. Garattini, C. Binaghi, V. Marazza, and F. Pezza. 1980b. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin toxic effects and tissue levels in animals from the contaminated area of Seveso, Italy. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 9 569-577. 

Spitsbergen, J.M., J.M. Kleeman, and R.E. Peterson. 1988b. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin toxicity in yellow perch (Perea flavescens). Jour. Toxicol. Environ. Health 23 359-383. 

Schecter, A., et al. Congener-specific levels of dioxin and dibenzofurans in U.S. food and estimated daily dioxin toxic equivalent intake, Environ. Health Perspect., 102,962, 1994. 

The dioxin toxic equivalency factor (TEF) approach is currently used worldwide for assessing and managing the risks posed by exposure to mixtures of certain dioxin-like compounds (DLCs). World Health Organization-TEF (WHO-TEE) values have been established for humans and mammals, birds, and (For new, refined values, see Ref. 12g.) It should be mentioned that 16 PCBs, the coplanar isomers with nonortho, monoortho, and diortho substitution by chlorine (overall, there are 209 isomers for this class of compounds) show dioxin-like toxic behavior. I-TE values are smaller, in the range of 0.0001-0.1. The most toxic isomers is 3,3, 4,4, 5-pentachlorodiphenyl with I-TE of 0.1. Polybrominated dibenzodioxins and furans with the 2,3,7,8 pattern also show dioxin-like toxicity, but their I-TE values are lower compared to PCDD/F. 

Kriebel, D. The dioxins toxic and still troublesome. Environment, 23(1) 6-13, 1981. 

Prasch AL, Tanguay RE, Mehta V, Heideman W, Peterson RE (2006) Identification of zebrafish ARNTl homologs 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin toxicity in the developing zebrafish requires ARNTl. Mol Pharmacol 69 776-787... 

Tian Y, Ke S, Denison MS, Rabson AB, Gallo MA (1999) Ah receptor and NE-kappa B interactions, a potential mechanism for dioxin toxicity. J Biol Chem 274 510-515... 

Table 8 Calculated annual input of TEQ in the Dutch coastal zone from the rivers, atmospheric emission and disposal of dredged material (period 1999-2005). For the TEQ-lev-els in sediment, the ecotoxicological risk is estimated as % Potentially Affected Fraction of species (PAF) and calculated based on the SSD for chronic dioxin-toxicity (Figure 6). 

Leonards, P.E.G., de Vries, T.H., Minnaard, W., Stuijfzand, S., de Voogt, P., Cofino, W.P, van Straalen, N.M., van Hattum, B. (1995). Assessment of experimental data on PCB-induced reproduction inhibition in mink, based on an isomer- and congener-specific approach using 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin toxic equivalency. Environ Toxicol Chem 14(4) 639-652. 

Kleeman, J.M., J.R. Olson, and R.E. Peterson. 1988. Species differences in 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin toxicity and biotransformation in fish. Eundament. Appl. Toxicol. 10 206-213. 

D. J. Hanson, Dioxin toxicity new studies prompt debate, regulatory action. Chem. Eng. News August 12, 7-14 (1991). 

Urban air concentrations were multiplied by relative potencies (REPs) (listed in Table 2) to calculate the contribution of PCNs to dioxin toxic equivalents (TEQ) and to compare the contributions of the dioxin-like PCBs using REPs from Giesy et al. (1997) [143]. On average, PCNs contributed 64% of total PCN and dioxin-like PCB (PCN+PCB) TEQ in downtown air and 48% in north Toronto. The PCN contribution to PCN+PCB TEQ in Chicago air was similar (68%) when recalculated using the same REPs [97,126]. Although PCNs are as important as PCBs in air on a TEQ basis, polychlorinated dioxins and furans remain the dominant contributors of TEQ in downtown Toronto air [126]. 

Birnbaum, L.S., 1994. The mechanism of dioxin toxicity Relationship to risk assessment. 

Dioxins, Dibenzofurans, and Dioxin Toxicity Equivalencies (TEQs) in U.S. Foods... 

Canga L, Levi R, Rifkind AB. 1988. Heart as a target organ in 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin toxicity Decreased -adrenergic responsiveness and evidence of increased intracellular calcium. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85 905-909. 

Landers JP, Bunce NJ. 1991. The Ah receptor and the mechanism of dioxin toxicity. Biochem J 276 273-287. 

Roberts EA, Shear NH, Okey AB, et al. 1985. The Ah receptor and dioxin toxicity Fromrodentto human tissues. Chemosphere 14 661-674. 

Thi s guidance for dioxin and dioxin-like compounds i s unique because of the potency of TCDD itself, and the needto considerthetotal potency of all dioxin and dioxin-like compounds detected in soil. The toxicity of a dioxin-like compound is commonly referred to in terms of its dioxin toxicity equivalency factor (TEF). See Background section for further information. 

Tomaszewski KE, Montgomery CA, Melnick RL. 1988. Modulation of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo -p-dioxin toxicity inF344 rats by di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Chem Biol Interact 65 205-222. 

Dioxins, Toxic Gases, Vapors, and Their Pollutants... 

TCDD (Dioxin) toxicity and the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor. . . 1543... 

Concentrations of PCBs, PCDDs and PCDFs in eggs of fish-eating birds have been reviewed recently.46 Congener analysis in birds from North America and Europe showed that sources of PCBs may be different in these continents.46 PCDDs and PCDFs contribute only to a minor extent to the total dioxin toxicity observed in bird eggs the maj ority is caused by non- and mono-ort/io-substituted PCB congeners. 

Hansen DJ (1991), Chem. Engin. News 69 (32) 7-14. Dioxin toxicity New studies prompt... 

Relatively little is known about the effects of dioxins in invertebrates. Controlled laboratory studies with dioxin-contaminated sediments reported no effects on amphipod mortality. Some studies have shown reduced reproductive success in worms and snails. Some invertebrates have been shown to express Ah receptors, but these receptors do not appear to bind dioxins, thus invertebrates are less sensitive to dioxin toxicity. 

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