Induced responses

Animal and Human Toxicity. The acute toxicity of lindane depends on the age, sex, and animal species, and on the route of adrninistration. The oral LD q in mice, rats, and guinea pigs is 86, 125—230, and 100—127 mg/kg, respectively. In contrast, most of the other isomers were considerably more toxic (94,95). Some of the other toxic responses caused by lindane in laboratory animals include hepato- and nephotoxicity, reproductive and embryotoxicity, mutagenicity in some short-term in vitro bioassays, and carcinogenicity (80). The mechanism of the lindane-induced response is not known. Only minimal data are available on the mammalian toxicides of hexachlorocyclopentadiene. 

Different drugs have different inherent capacities to induce response (intrinsic efficacy). Thus, equal cellular responses can be achieved by different fractional receptor occupancies of these drugs. 

As more is learned about the chromosomal effects on HS gene expression, it is important to point out that these genes are actually a subset of inducible responses to cellular stress. Not all of these inducible responses involve HSF, and this indicates that cells have diversified transcriptional responses to cope with different types of stress. This diversification is manifested by glucose regulated genes (grp), as well as the metallothionein and oxidant-injury genes (Watswich, 1988 Storz et al., 1990 Devary et al., 1992 Skroch et al., 1993 Xu, 1993). 

Adding another layer of complexity to the regulation of mast cell activation levels in vivo is the observation that activated mast cells can respond to, and in some cases produce, a myriad of mediators that may serve to amplify FceRI-induced responses. For example, stem cell factor (SCF), the ligand for KIT, both can enhance FceRI-dependent activation of mouse or human mast cells and, under certain circumstances, can directly induce mast cell degranulation [6, 25, 62]. Thus, elevated SCF levels and/or activating KIT mutations (such as those that occur in mastocytosis) may exacerbate mast cell-driven reactions. Indeed, patients (both adult and children) with extensive skin disease associated with mastocytosis are at increased risk to develop severe anaphylaxis [63]. Moreover, it was recently reported that cases of idiopathic anaphylaxis are... 

The Group II (biliary tract) enzymes are abnormal usually when the serum bilirubin concentration is also abnormal. Most commonly used is alkaline phosphatase which is a highly sensitive indicator of biliary tract obstruction, perhaps because the enzyme is synthesized as an induced response to obstruction of even small bile ducts. Most techniques used to identify the origin of an elevated serum alkaline phosphatase are not very useful from a clinical viewpoint (23). The simultaneous measurement of GMT activity has been found to be useful in differentiating between the hepatic and bony origin of alkaline phosphatase. An increased GMT activity in a patient with an increased ALP activity is a good indication that there is biliary biliary tract disease (62,63). 

It was previously demonstrated that amfonelic acid, a DA-uptake blocker, partially prevented the METH-induced decrease in TPH activity (Schmidt et al. 1985). Recently, effects were investigated of a specific DA-uptake blocker, GBR 12909, on the MDMA-induced response in the serotonergic... 

Arbitrary the book can be divided into two complementary parts. The first one describes the physical and chemical basics leading to description of the method of semiconductor sensors. The mechanisms of underlying processes are given. These processes involve interaction of gas with the surface of semiconductor adsorbent which brings about tiie change of electric and physics characteristics of the latter. Various models of absorption-induced response of electric and physics characteristics of semiconductor adsorbent are considered. Results of numerous physical and chemical experiments carried out by the authors of this book and by other scientists underlying the method of semiconductor sensors are scrupulously discussed. The possibility of qualitative measurements of ultra-small concentrations of molecules, atoms, radicals as well as excited particles in gases, liquids and on surfaces of solids (adsorbents and catalysts) is demonstrated. 

The theory of adsorption-induced response of electrophysical characteristics in semiconductor adsorbents... 

Differences in the structure of monocrystalline, threshold or bridge type polycrystalline adsorbents are to be manifested in the shape of adsorption - caused response of electrophysical characteristics [25]. The basic models of adsorption - induced response of monocrystalline and barrier poly crystal line adsorbents have been considered in Chapter 1. Here we describe various theoretical models of adsorption-induced response of polycrystalline adsorbents having intercrystalline contacts of the bridge type and their comparison with experimental results. 

Let us dwell on existing key models describing chemisorption induced response of electric conductivity in semiconductor adsorbent. Let us consider both the stationary values of electric conductivity attained during equilibrium in the adsorbate-adsorbent system and the kinetics of the change of electric conductivity when the content of ambient atmosphere changes. Let us consider the cases of adsorption of acceptor and donor particles separately. In all cases we will pay a special attention to the issue of dependence of the value and character of signal on the structure type of adsorbent, namely on characteristics of the dominant type of contacts in microcrystals. 

Lundy SK, Lira SA, Smit JJ, Cook DN, Berlin AA, Lukacs NW. Attenuation of allergen-induced responses in CCR6 / mice is dependent upon altered pulmonary T lymphocyte activation. J Immunol 2005 174(4) 2054—2060. 

Kim CH, Qu CK, Hangoc G, et al. Abnormal chemokine-induced responses of immature and mature hematopoietic cells from motheaten mice implicate the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 in chemokine responses. J Exp Med 1999 190(5) 681-690. 

Karban RK, Baldwin IT (1997) Induced responses to herbivory. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago... 

Quadroni M et al. Proteome mapping, mass spectrometric sequencing and reverse transcription-PCR for characterization of the sulfate starvation-induced response in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAOl. Eur J Biochem 1999 266 986-996. 

Background currents of all NO electrodes are sensitive to changes of temperature and pH. Depending on type of electrodes, the effect may be more or less. Clark type NO electrodes are very sensitive to temperature change. The temperature induced response... 

Approximately one-third of patients with aggressive lymphoma will require salvage therapy at some point. Salvage therapy is more likely to induce response if the response to initial chemotherapy was complete (chemosensi-tivity) than if it was primarily or partially resistant to chemotherapy. 

Nakata, H. et al., Evaluation of mitogen-induced responses in marine mammal and human lymphocytes by in-vitro exposure of butyltins and non-ortho coplanar PCBs, Environ. Pollut., 120, 245, 2002. 

Hellstrand With regard to the question of what ryanodine is doing, if you put it onto a muscle it eliminates most SR Ca2+ release, because it opens up the SR Ca2+ channels and there is some level of communication between the stores. If you put ryanodine there you essentially kill InsP3-induced responses as well. In organ culture we have found that if you culture in the presence of ryanodine for a couple of days, the InsP3-induced release reappears, whereas there is still no ryanodine-induced release, and Ca2+ waves occur (Dreja et al 2001). We know that mitochondrial activity affects the properties of Ca2+ waves, so there is a Ca2+-dependent modulation of SR release on this level which thus presumably involves InsP3 receptors and not RyRs. It is very hard to distinguish these two receptor populations in the way they interact on the SR. 

Figure 6.15 Left stress-induced response of native and recombinant bacteria. Right single E. coli cell fluorescent response after induction by mitomycin C. (Reproduced from ref. 16, with permission.)...

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