Sampling Indoor Air

Samples of the indoor and outdoor air at the homes of workers occupationally exposed to pesticides, farmers and pesticide formulators, were taken monthly and analyzed for methyl parathion. Methyl parathion was found in 13 of 52 indoor air samples of formulators homes at a mean concentration of 0.26 pg/m (range of 0.04-9.4 pg/m ). Outdoor air samples of formulators homes showed that 3 of 53 samples contained methyl parathion at concentrations ranging from 0.15 to 0.71 pg/m. Methyl parathion was not detected in the indoor and outdoor air samples from farmers homes (Tessari and Spencer 1971). [Pg.163]

Indoor air The most abundant OPFRs in indoor air samples from homes were TEP, T BP, TnBP, TCEP, and TC/PP, which are outlined in Table 3. Heavier OPERs such as TBEP, TPP, TCP, TDC/PP, and TEHP are usually present in low concentrations or even below the detection limit. However, in some work environments and cars high levels of TBEP and TDC/PP were observed [66, 68, 84]. The higher air concentrations were associated with a higher dust concentration... [Pg.253]

Table 6 Literature survey on levels of most commonly used phthalates and their substitutes in house dust (median concentrations and in brackets P95 concentrations, results expressed in pg/g) and in indoor air samples (median concentrations, results expressed in ng/m )... [Pg.260]

Recent studies have revealed that carbon tetrachloride is also a common contaminant of indoor air. Typical concentrations in homes in several U.S. cities were about 1 pg/m (0.16 ppb), with some values up to 9 pg/m (1.4 ppb) (Wallace 1986). Concentrations in indoor air were usually higher than in outdoor air, indicating that the source of the carbon tetrachloride was building materials or products (pesticides, cleaning agents) inside the home (Wallace 1986 Wallace et al. 1987). Based on 2,120 indoor air samples in the United States, the average concentration of carbon tetrachloride was 0.4 ppb (2.6 pg/M) (Shah and Heyerdahl 1988). However, the median value was 0 ppb, indicating that carbon tetrachloride was not detected in more than half the samples. [Pg.124]

Acetaldehyde is a natural product of combustion and photo-oxidation of hydrocarbons commonly found in the atmosphere. It is an important industrial chemical and may be released into the air or in wastewater during its production and use. It has been detected at low levels in drinking-water, surface water, rainwater, effluents, engine exhaust and ambient and indoor air samples. It is also photochemically produced in surface water. Acetaldehyde is an intermediate product in the metabolism of ethanol and sugars and therefore occurs in trace quantities in human blood. It is present in small amounts in all alcoholic beverages, such as beer, wine and spirits and in plant juices and essential oils, roasted coffee and tobacco smoke (lira et al., 1985 Hagemeyer, 1991 United States National Library of Medicine, 1998). [Pg.320]

Instrumental monitoring of the gaseous components of indoor air or indoor air samples has become routine in environmental analysis. In all monitoring systems, a number of characteristics are considered essential. Among these are instrumen-... [Pg.72]

Results for endocrine disrupting phenols in house dust as reported by Rudel et al. (2003) and Butte et al. (2001) are compiled in Table 11.1. Rudel et al. (2003) sampled indoor air in 120 homes as well. They analyzed both house dust and air for 89 organic chemicals identified as EDCs. The most abundant compounds in air included 4-nonylphenol and 4-t-butylphenol with typical concentrations in the range of 0.050-1.500ggm 3. Saito, Onuki and Seto (2004) collected air samples from houses, offices, and outdoor points. 4-t-butylphenol, 4-t-octylphenol and 4-nonylphenol were detected in both indoor and outdoor air. Concentrations and detection frequencies were higher in indoor air than outdoor air. The maximum levels of 4-t-butylphenol, 4-t-octylphenol and 4-nonylphenol in indoor air were 0.387, 0.0457 and 0.680 ggm 3, respectively. 4-t-butylphenol and 4-nonylphenol were detected with high frequencies (more than 97%) in the indoor air samples. Wilson, Chuang and Lyu (2001) reported a mean of 0.0007 gg m"3 Bisphenol A in the air of 10 child care centers and a mean of 0.203 gg m 3 for the sum of nonylphenol and its ethoxylates. [Pg.240]

Measured indoor air samples collected in an office building in Binghamton, New York, 2 years after a fire in an electrical transformer that contained PCBs and tri- and tetra-chlorobenzenes had concentrations of 2,3,7,8-TCDD ranging from 0.23 to 0.47 pg/m3 (0.017-0.036 ppq) (Smith et al. 1986a). The... [Pg.456]

Smith RM, O Keefe PW, Hilker DR, et al. 1986b. Sampling, analytical method and results for chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and chlorinated dibenzofurans from incinerator stack effluent and contaminated building indoor air samples. In Rappe C, Choudhary G, Keith LH, eds. Chlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans in perspective. Chelsea, MI Lewis Publishers, Inc., 93-108. [Pg.690]

An indoor air sample taken from a closed garage contains 0.9% of CO (probably a deadly amount). What is the concentration of CO in this air in units of g/m3 at 20°C and 1 atm pressure CO has a molecular weight of 28. [Pg.13]

Indoor and ambient air samples were measured from December 1992 to February 1993 by the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation (Gordian and Guay 1995). Concentration levels for methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), benzene, and formaldehyde were measured in ambient and indoor air samples. Blood samples were also taken from service station workers at the same time period. Blood samples from workers showed an increase of 300% in blood benzene concentrations after MTBE reformulated fuel was discontinued. Gasoline in Alaska has a benzene concentration of 5% (average U.S. national concentration is 1.5%). [Pg.143]

Ueta, I., Mizuguchia, A., Fujimura, K., Kawakubo, S., Salto, Y. Novel sample preparation technique with needle-type micro-extraction device for volatile organic compounds in indoor air samples. Anal. Chim. Acta 746, 77-83 (2012)... [Pg.426]

Indoor air samples Include schools, universities, public, commercial, and residential buildings. [Pg.185]

Indoor air concentrations of PCBs in 34 homes near New Bedford Harbor, Massachusetts were measured between April 1994 and April 1995 during the dredging of contaminated river sediments. PCB levels in indoor air samples ranged from 7.9 to 61 ng/m in homes closest to the dredging operation compared to more distant houses which had levels ranging from 5.2 to 51 ng/m (Vorhees et al. 1997). However, these indoor concentrations exceeded outdoor concentrations by an average ratio of 32, indicating the importance of indoor air concentrations to human exposures. House dust was also analyzed for PCB... [Pg.583]

No data are available regarding levels of RDX in outdoor air. However, indoor air samples collected at Holtson Army ammunition plant in Kingsport, Tennessee in 1974 contained RDX levels ranging from not detected (<0.5 mg/m [4.5 ppm]) to 60 mg/m (546 ppm (Army 1975). A more recent study found that RDX was detected at a concentration of 0.032 mg/m (0.29 ppm) in the particulate fraction of one indoor air sample taken from the incorporation area of Holtson Army ammunition plant in 1986 (Bishop et al. 1988). [Pg.71]

The superiority of microwave extraction compared to traditional extraction methods for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyl compounds in indoor air samples was also shown. Again a decrease in the extraction time was highlighted the microwave procedure needed only 10 min and, followed by GC-electron capture detection, was claimed as a valuable alternative to the Soxhlet method for the extraction of six noncoplanar PCBs associated with fly ashes. [Pg.72]

Ramil Criado, M., Rodriguez Pereiro, I., and Cela Torrijos, R., Determination of polychlorinated biphenyl compounds in indoor air samples, J. Chromatogr. A., 963, 65-71, 2002. [Pg.120]

Risner, C. H. and Corner, J. M., A quantification of 4- to 6- ring polynuclear hydrocarbons in indoor air samples by high-performance liquid chromatography, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 10, 1417-1423, 1991. Yamamoto, N., Nishiura, H., Honjo, T., and Inoue, H., Determination of ammonia in the atmosphere by gas chromatography with a flame thermionic detector. Anal. Sci., 7, 1041-1044, 1991. [Pg.341]

Organophosphate esters have been analyzed mainly in the indoor air samples. SAE has been relatively popular in the extraction of organophosphates from air samples, which have been collected either on filters or adsorbents. Both static and dynamic extraction can be used. An example of dynamic SAE (DSAE) is the extraction of OPEs from quartz filters by hexane MTBE (7 3). The flow rate was 0.2 ml/min, and the total extraction time was only 3 min, at a temperature of 70°C. The recoveries were compared with static SAE (2 X 20 min) and PEE and the recoveries obtained with DSAE (>95%) were at the same level or better than those obtained with other methods. No further purification or concentration was needed before GC-NPD analysis of organophosphates. The GC column was a 30 m X 0.32 mm i.d. DB% column with a phase thickness of 0.1 /rm. Splitless injection was applied in the sample introduction. The LODs were better than 0.4 ng/m. The system was developed further, and the DSAE was connected online with GC using PTV and large volume injection during the transfer. The most abundant compound found in the air was tri(w-butyl) phosphate. ... [Pg.1233]

For the above reasons, indoor air filters often yield particle masses that are orders of magnitude below the mass requirements for quantitative ED-XRF analysis - the multi-element detection method traditionally used for air analysis. Researchers are currently seeking alternative multi-element analytical techniques with adequate sensitivity for indoor air samples. Indoor and outdoor air concentration data, from a variety of studies which employed different sampling and analytical approaches, are summarized in Table 11.3. Van Winkle and Scheff (2001) used high-volume samplers equipped with 37-mm quartz fiber filters and an air flow rate of 25 L min to monitor 10 homes in... [Pg.223]

Risner, C.H. and S.L. Cash A high performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of hydroquinone, catechol, phenol, and m- + p-cresol in environmental tobacco smoke R DM, 1989, No. 184, July 13, see www.rjrtdocs.com 508290988 -1013 The determination of hydroquinone, catechol, phenol, and m-H/ -cresols in indoor air samples by high performance liquid chromatography Environ. Tech. 11 (1990) 345-352. [Pg.1388]

Motohashi, N., K. Kamata, and R. Meyer Chromatographic techniques used to determine benz[c] acridines in environmental samples J. Chromatog. 643 (1993) 1-10. Mumford, J.L., D.B. Harris, and K. Williams Indoor air sampling and mutagenicity studies from unvented coal combustion Environ. Sci. Tech. 21 (1987) 308-311. Murphy, S.E. and R. HeUbrun Effect of nicotine and tobacco-specific nitrosamines on the metabolism of A -nitrosonomicotine and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-l-(3-pyridyl)-l-butanone by rat oral tissue Carcinogenesis 11 (1990) 1663-1666. [Pg.1475]

Horn W. and Marutzky R. (1993) Measuring of organic wood preservatives in indoor air-sampling and... [Pg.43]

C. Environmental evaluation. Indoor air samples with contemporaneous outdoor air samples can assist in evaluating whether or not there is mold growth indoors air samples may also assist in evaluating the extent of potential indoor exposure. Bulk, wipe, and wall cavity samples may indicate the pres-... [Pg.268]

Figure 4. Piesenlation of some TIC runs of soil gas samples (garden, terrace bore hole depth 2 m). gas standard and indoor air samples (cellar)...

Big Chemical Encyclopedia

Chemical substances, components, reactions, process design ...